The stratum corneum just under the free-edge of a nail is the

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Question 1 of 5

The stratum corneum just under the free-edge of a nail is the

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyponychium. The hyponychium is the layer of stratum corneum located just under the free-edge of the nail. It serves as a protective barrier to prevent microorganisms from entering the nail bed. The lunula (B) is the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail. The eponychium (C) is the cuticle that covers the base of the nail. The nail root (D) is the part of the nail embedded in the skin. Therefore, the hyponychium is the most appropriate answer as it specifically refers to the stratum corneum under the free-edge of the nail.

Question 2 of 5

________ is a small connective tissue peg that contains nerve endings and blood vessels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hair papilla. The hair papilla is a small connective tissue peg located at the base of the hair follicle and contains nerve endings and blood vessels. It supplies nutrients to the hair bulb and helps in hair growth. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Hair cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair shaft. B) Hair bulb is the rounded, enlarged area at the base of the hair follicle where hair growth occurs. C) Hair matrix is the actively dividing part of the hair follicle responsible for producing new hair cells.

Question 3 of 5

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to insufficient oxygen in the blood. Step 2: Oxygen-starved blood appears bluish as it reflects less red light. Step 3: Therefore, cyanosis signifies a lack of oxygen in the blood, not related to sun exposure. Summary: Choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the physiological cause of cyanosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not relate to the underlying mechanism of cyanosis.

Question 4 of 5

Skin wrinkle and sagging is caused by

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, all of the choices. UV radiation damages collagen and elastin fibers, leading to skin wrinkling. Aging causes a decrease in collagen production and skin elasticity, contributing to sagging. Hormonal changes, like decreased estrogen levels, also impact collagen production and skin thickness. Therefore, all three factors (UV radiation, aging, hormonal changes) play significant roles in causing skin wrinkle and sagging. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass the comprehensive factors that contribute to these skin conditions.

Question 5 of 5

Insensible perspiration takes place in the

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, stratum corneum. Insensible perspiration involves the constant evaporation of water through the skin to maintain body temperature. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells that are continuously shed and replaced. This layer provides a barrier function and regulates the loss of water from the body. The other choices (A: stratum granulosum, B: stratum basale, C: stratum spinosum) are not involved in insensible perspiration as they are deeper layers of the epidermis responsible for cell division, keratin production, and structural support.

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