ATI RN
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The stimulation of initial milk production and release in the breast is accomplished by which hormones? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Correct Answer: A (Oxytocin), C (Prolactin) Rationale: 1. Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection (let-down reflex) by contracting the muscles around the alveoli, releasing milk. 2. Prolactin is responsible for the production of milk in the mammary glands. Summary of Other Choices: - Progesterone: Plays a role in preparing the breast for lactation but doesn't directly stimulate milk production. - Luteinizing hormone: Primarily involved in ovulation and corpus luteum formation, not milk production.
Question 2 of 5
What condition would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the potential complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: insulin resistance. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This is crucial for the nurse to include in patient education. A: breast cancer is not a common complication of PCOS. B: cirrhosis of the liver is not directly related to PCOS. D: insomnia is not a typical complication of PCOS. In summary, insulin resistance is the primary concern in PCOS due to its impact on metabolic health.
Question 3 of 5
A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman presents with a sensation of pelvic heaviness and states she feels like something is sitting in her vagina. On examination, the provider notes a visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall. What structural disorder of the female reproductive system is consistent with these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pelvic floor prolapse. This condition is characterized by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, leading to descent of pelvic organs such as the bladder into the vagina. The patient's symptoms of pelvic heaviness and sensation of something in her vagina are classic signs of pelvic floor prolapse. Examination findings of visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall further support this diagnosis. Explanation of incorrect choices: B: DES exposure - This is not a structural disorder of the female reproductive system. DES exposure is associated with adverse effects on reproductive health but does not present with visible bladder protrusion. C: Vaginal septum - This is a congenital anomaly where the vagina is divided by a septum. It does not typically present with bladder protrusion. D: Bladder fistula - This is an abnormal connection between the bladder and another structure. While it can cause urinary symptoms, it does not typically present with visible bladder protrusion into the vagina.
Question 4 of 5
What is an example of a patient’s comment that demonstrates the patient understands fibroids?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because mentioning the use of a sonogram to determine the size of fibroids shows understanding of the diagnostic process. This indicates awareness of the importance of imaging in assessing fibroids. Choice A is incorrect as fibroids may require treatment before menopause. Choice C is incorrect as there are various treatment options available. Choice D is incorrect as oral contraceptives do not necessarily worsen fibroids.
Question 5 of 5
What are possible characteristics of a patient who is at a higher risk for developing uterine cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Uterine cancer risk increases with age, so a 67-year-old patient is at higher risk. 2. Estrogen-only HRT without progesterone increases uterine cancer risk. 3. Other choices are less likely: A has lower age and childbirth may reduce risk, B's age and menstrual cycle are not typical risk factors, and D's oral contraceptives may decrease uterine cancer risk.