ATI RN
Basic Nursing Care Needs of the Patient PPT Questions
Question 1 of 5
The stage of dying in which a person prepares for death is identified as
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acceptance. This stage, according to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross' model of grief, involves coming to terms with one's mortality and making peace with death. During this stage, individuals may feel a sense of calmness and readiness for their impending death. Bargaining (A) involves seeking to negotiate or make deals to avoid death. Depression (B) is characterized by feelings of sadness and hopelessness about the impending death. Denial (C) is the initial stage where individuals refuse to accept the reality of their terminal illness. Acceptance (D) is the final stage where individuals have embraced their impending death and are at peace with it.
Question 2 of 5
Your adult patient called for help after he began to vomit bright red blood. On arrival, the patient is found to be tachycardic and bleeding freely from his mouth. His respirations are shallow, and his skin is cool with a blood pressure of 68 systolic. His only history involves liver disease from chronic alcoholism. He denies drinking recently. What should be the goal of your pre-hospital intervention with this patient after ensuring his airway and applying oxygen therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluid resuscitation to maintain a systolic blood pressure of 80-90 systolic. In this scenario, the patient is presenting signs of hypovolemic shock due to significant blood loss. The goal of fluid resuscitation is to restore intravascular volume and improve perfusion to vital organs. A systolic blood pressure of 80-90 is a reasonable target to ensure adequate perfusion without causing fluid overload. Choice B is too high of a target for this patient in shock. Choice C is not the immediate priority as controlling the hemorrhage comes first. Choice D is not the primary goal in this critical situation where maintaining blood pressure and perfusion are the priorities.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is experiencing a possible neurological emergency from a blunt force closed head injury. He is found to have abnormal pupillary reactions to light and has lost the ability to move his eyes from side to side to follow your finger movements. He is also unable to identify the number of fingers you are holding up. He reports he is able to see the fingers but is not able to focus enough to identify how many fingers are present. Which of the following cranial nerves should you suspect may be involved in his injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Cranial nerve II (Optic nerve) is responsible for vision. Loss of ability to identify the number of fingers indicates optic nerve involvement. 2. Cranial nerve III (Oculomotor nerve) controls eye movements, including pupillary reactions. Abnormal pupillary reactions suggest its involvement. 3. Cranial nerve IV (Trochlear nerve) controls downward and inward eye movements. Inability to move eyes side to side implicates trochlear nerve. Summary: A: Cranial nerves I, V, and VI - Not relevant for the symptoms described. B: Cranial nerves V and VII - Cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve) is not involved in eye movements or vision. C: Cranial nerves IX and X - Not related to vision or eye movements. D: Cranial nerves II, III, and IV - Correct as all three nerves are implicated in the patient's symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
You are the first ambulance to arrive on the scene of a single-car accident. As you approach the scene, you see four patients, two have been ejected from their vehicle, and two are still in the vehicle. What should be your next course of action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Request additional resources, such as fire rescue, and additional ambulances to respond to the scene. This is the best course of action because, in a single-car accident with multiple patients, the scene is likely to be complex and require additional resources to manage effectively. Requesting fire rescue can help with extrication of patients still in the vehicle, while additional ambulances ensure there are enough resources to transport all patients promptly. This approach prioritizes patient care and safety by ensuring all necessary resources are available to manage the situation efficiently. Choice A: Calling medical control is important but should not be the first step in this scenario where immediate action is needed. Choice C: Beginning immediate triage and treatment of the two ejected patients might overlook the need for additional resources and proper scene management. Choice D: Notifying the local trauma center is important but should come after requesting additional resources to manage the scene effectively.
Question 5 of 5
You are on-scene with a patient who you suspect may be experiencing a myocardial infarction. He is conscious and alert, anxious, and has dilated pupils. He complains of substernal chest pain and admits to recent cocaine use. How does the use of cocaine increase the risk of experiencing an acute myocardial infarction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cocaine causes coronary artery constriction, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. This constriction can lead to the formation of thrombus or plaque in the narrowed arteries, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction. Other choices are incorrect: A is inaccurate as asystole is not a direct effect of cocaine; B is incorrect as cocaine does not cause peripheral clotting to travel to the coronary arteries; C is incorrect as cocaine does not numb the heart, but rather constricts the coronary arteries.