The staff nurse is caring for the client with total accountability and is in continual communication with the client, the family, the physicians, and other members of the health care team. This type of nursing delivery system is known as:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Total patient care. This system involves the nurse having full accountability for the client's care and maintaining constant communication with all involved parties. This ensures comprehensive and individualized care. Choice B, qualified nurse case managers, typically focus on care coordination rather than direct client care. Choice C, established critical pathways, refers to standardized care plans, not individualized care. Choice D, quality management system, involves monitoring and improving care quality, not the direct provision of care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ambiguity. Successful change agents must be comfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity inherent in the change process. They need to navigate through unknown situations and adapt to unforeseen challenges. Energy and confidence (choices A and B) are valuable traits but not specifically tied to managing change. Trustworthiness (choice D) is important for building relationships but not a defining characteristic of successful change agents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Report the error to the supervisor immediately. This action prioritizes patient safety and prevents harm. It follows ethical guidelines by promoting transparency and accountability. Reporting the error also upholds professional standards and fosters a culture of continuous learning and improvement. Ignoring the error (A) risks patient harm. Administering the medication anyway (B) compromises patient safety. Correcting the error without informing the nurse (C) overlooks the importance of addressing the root cause and preventing future mistakes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of discharge planning is to ensure continuity of care. This involves coordinating the transition of care from the hospital to the next level of care to prevent gaps in treatment and promote a smooth recovery process. Option A focuses solely on readmission rates, which is not the sole purpose of discharge planning. Option B is a broad goal that is encompassed within ensuring continuity of care. Option D, while important, is just one aspect of the overall goal of ensuring continuity of care. Thus, option C is the correct answer as it encompasses all aspects of discharge planning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP) is to enhance clinical decision-making. Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to make informed decisions about patient care. By using evidence-based practice, healthcare providers can ensure that their decisions are based on the most current and relevant evidence, leading to improved patient outcomes. While reducing healthcare costs, improving patient outcomes, and ensuring patient safety are important aspects of healthcare, they are not the primary goal of evidence-based practice.