The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis exhibits all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding skin conditions like atopic dermatitis is crucial. In this case, the correct answer is D) blanching after intradermal histamine injection. This is because in patients with atopic dermatitis, there is an impaired response to histamine, leading to reduced vasodilation and consequent blanching rather than the expected flare response. Option A) Wheel and flare reaction after intradermal injection of an allergen is seen in patients with atopic dermatitis due to their heightened immune response to allergens. Option B) white dermographism refers to the skin becoming raised and red when scratched, which is a common feature in atopic dermatitis. Option C) abnormal rates of cooling can be present in patients with atopic dermatitis due to their compromised skin barrier function, leading to increased sensitivity to temperature changes. Educationally, understanding these nuances in skin manifestations in atopic dermatitis helps nurses provide better care by recognizing and appropriately managing symptoms. It also highlights the importance of accurate assessment and knowledge of pediatric dermatological conditions for effective nursing interventions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The recommended treatment for a 12-year-old child presenting with watery rhinorrhea, paroxysmal sneezing, and nasal obstruction is to begin seasonal use of topical corticosteroids (Option C). This is the correct answer because these symptoms suggest allergic rhinitis, which is effectively managed with intranasal corticosteroids. Option A, instituting strict measures to avoid outdoor allergen exposure, is not the primary treatment for allergic rhinitis and may not provide sufficient relief for the child. Option B, starting sympathomimetic drugs, is not the first-line treatment for allergic rhinitis in children. Option D, prescribing amoxicillin for 10 days, is incorrect because antibiotics are not indicated for allergic rhinitis unless there is a concomitant bacterial infection, which is not the case in this scenario. Educationally, it's crucial to understand the appropriate management of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients to provide optimal care. Topical corticosteroids are safe and effective in reducing nasal inflammation and symptoms, making them a cornerstone of treatment for allergic rhinitis. Recognizing the symptoms and selecting the right treatment approach can significantly improve the child's quality of life and prevent complications associated with untreated allergic rhinitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly and requires immediate intervention. In this question, the correct answer is D) Exercise, as it is not a common cause of anaphylaxis. Foods, drugs, and insect stings are common triggers for anaphylaxis. Foods like nuts, shellfish, and eggs, drugs such as antibiotics or NSAIDs, and insect stings from bees or wasps are well-known culprits that can lead to anaphylactic reactions in susceptible individuals. Educationally, understanding the common causes of anaphylaxis is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric patients who may have allergies. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and knowing the common triggers can help healthcare professionals provide prompt and effective treatment to prevent severe outcomes. It is important to educate patients, families, and caregivers about allergen avoidance, emergency action plans, and the use of epinephrine auto-injectors in case of an allergic emergency. By knowing what can cause anaphylaxis and what to do in such situations, healthcare providers can ensure the safety and well-being of pediatric patients with allergies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Insect sting anaphylaxis is a critical topic in pediatric nursing as it can lead to life-threatening situations. The correct answer, B) Mosquitoes, is not a common cause of insect sting anaphylaxis. Mosquito bites typically result in local reactions like redness and swelling, rather than systemic allergic reactions. It is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand this to differentiate between mild local reactions and severe anaphylactic responses. A) Honeybees are a common cause of insect sting anaphylaxis due to the venom they inject when they sting. C) Wasps also inject potent venom that can trigger severe allergic reactions in some individuals. D) Fire ants are known to cause anaphylactic reactions in some people due to the venom they release when they sting. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of recognizing common allergens and potential triggers for anaphylaxis in pediatric patients. Nurses must be able to quickly identify the causative agent and initiate appropriate interventions in case of an allergic reaction. Understanding the nuances of various insect stings and their potential outcomes is vital for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Early sepsis, as it can cause distributive shock. Distributive shock, also known as vasogenic shock, is characterized by widespread vasodilation and decreased systemic vascular resistance, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. Early sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to infection, can trigger a cascade of events that result in the release of vasodilatory mediators, causing distributive shock. Option B) Tension pneumothorax is incorrect as it causes obstructive shock due to impaired venous return caused by increased intrathoracic pressure. This leads to decreased cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion. Option C) Cardiac tamponade causes obstructive shock by compressing the heart chambers, impairing filling and reducing cardiac output, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion. Option D) Aortic stenosis causes cardiogenic shock due to the heart's inability to pump effectively against increased afterload, leading to decreased cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion. Educational Context: Understanding the different types of shock is crucial in pediatric nursing as it helps in timely recognition and appropriate management of critically ill pediatric patients. Distributive shock, like in early sepsis, requires interventions such as fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy to restore adequate tissue perfusion. By differentiating between distributive, obstructive, and cardiogenic shock and recognizing their specific etiologies, nurses can provide targeted care to stabilize pediatric patients in shock.