The single diuretic that is most important in inhibiting the secretion of ADH is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alcohol is the key diuretic inhibiting ADH suppresses pituitary release (e.g., increases urine output). Water dilutes plasma stimulates ADH. Vitamin B₁₂ is metabolic not diuretic. Na influences reabsorption not ADH directly. Alcohol's ADH block distinguishes it, critical for diuresis, unlike dilution or unrelated factors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glomerular filtrate lacks formed elements (RBCs, WBCs) and proteins (albumin) e.g., filtered by glomerular pores. pH matches plasma ~7.4. Glucose is equal reabsorbed later. Albumin/globulins alone omits cells partial. Full exclusion distinguishes it, key to filtration selectivity, unlike pH or partial differences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glomerular capillary pressure (~55 mmHg) exceeds most capillaries (~20-30 mmHg) e.g., drives GFR. It's higher than efferent (~15 mmHg) not lower. Afferent constriction lowers it not raises. Pressure drop isn't 1:1 autoregulated. High pressure distinguishes it, critical for filtration, unlike efferent or constriction effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nephron comprises Bowman's capsule, tubules, Loop, glomerulus, collecting duct e.g., functional unit. Ureter transports not nephron. Micturition is urination unrelated. Zona glomerulosa is aldosterone not structural. Full structure distinguishes it, critical for kidney function, unlike transport or secretion.