ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The secretions that lubricate the food so it moves easily through the digestive tract and also protects the epithelium are called
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: mucus. Mucus is a viscous substance secreted by mucous membranes that lubricates food, aiding its movement through the digestive tract. It also protects the epithelium by forming a barrier against harmful substances. Water (B) primarily aids in digestion and is not a secretion itself. Enzymes (C) are proteins that help break down food but do not provide lubrication. Hormones (D) are chemical messengers that regulate bodily functions but do not directly aid in food lubrication or protection.
Question 2 of 5
The esophagus pierces through an opening in the diaphragm called the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hiatus. The esophagus pierces through an opening in the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus. The hiatus allows the esophagus to pass from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Fauces is the opening at the back of the mouth leading to the pharynx. C: Glottis is the part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them. D: Inguinal canal is a passage in the abdominal wall near the groin.
Question 3 of 5
In the regulation of stomach secretions, distension of the stomach activates local reflexes and a parasympathetic reflex. This is called the ______ phase.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: gastric phase. This phase is activated by the distension of the stomach, triggering local reflexes and parasympathetic reflexes to stimulate gastric secretions. The cephalic phase (A) is triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food. The intestinal phase (C) inhibits gastric secretions and motility. The enterogastric phase (D) inhibits gastric motility and secretion when chyme enters the duodenum. Thus, the gastric phase is specifically related to the distension of the stomach, making it the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
The liver is a major storehouse for all of the following except one. Which one of the following substance or substances are not stored in the liver:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: calcium. The liver stores copper, iron, vitamins A, B12, D, E, and K, and glycogen. Calcium is primarily stored in bones and teeth, not in the liver. The liver's main functions are to regulate blood sugar levels, detoxify the body, produce bile, and store essential nutrients and energy sources. Calcium is mainly stored in the bones and teeth for structural support and plays a crucial role in muscle function, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. Therefore, the liver does not serve as a major storehouse for calcium.
Question 5 of 5
Stimulation of the internal anal sphincters by the sympathetic nervous system or stimulation of the external anal sphincter by the somatic motor nervous system would
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: inhibit the defecation reflex. Stimulation of the internal anal sphincters by the sympathetic nervous system or stimulation of the external anal sphincter by the somatic motor nervous system leads to constriction of the anal sphincters, preventing the passage of feces. This inhibits the defecation reflex by maintaining continence. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Stimulating the anal sphincters does not promote the defecation reflex; it actually inhibits it. C: Mass movements are related to the movement of feces through the large intestine, not directly influenced by anal sphincter stimulation. D: Inhibiting mass movements is not a direct effect of anal sphincter stimulation.