ATI RN
Endocrine System Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gonadal. The secretions from gonads (testes in males, ovaries in females) differ between males and females due to the production of sex hormones (testosterone in males, estrogen and progesterone in females). Adrenal glands (A) secrete similar hormones in both genders. Parathyroid (B) and Pancreas (D) do not secrete hormones that differ based on gender.
Question 2 of 5
The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxytocin & ADH. The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) regulates water balance by influencing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. Growth hormone (GH) and Prolactin are released by the anterior pituitary, not the posterior pituitary. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
Question 3 of 5
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to deficiency of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Insulin) is correct: 1. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. 2. Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. 3. The deficiency of insulin leads to the inability to properly regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in diabetes mellitus. 4. Glucagon (choice A) is a hormone that increases blood sugar levels, so its deficiency would not cause diabetes. 5. Thyroxin (choice B) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is not directly related to diabetes. 6. Melatonin (choice D) is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not involved in blood sugar regulation. Summary: Insulin is the correct choice because its deficiency directly leads to diabetes mellitus, while the other choices do not play a significant role in the development of this condition.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a trigger for the onset of Graves' disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stressful life events. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce excess thyroid hormone. Stressful life events can trigger or exacerbate autoimmune conditions like Graves' disease by impacting the immune system's functioning. Trauma, iodine deficiency, and bacterial infection are not direct triggers for Graves' disease. Trauma can cause thyroid issues but not specifically Graves' disease. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter but is not a direct trigger for Graves' disease. Bacterial infections can cause thyroiditis but are not a common trigger for Graves' disease.
Question 5 of 5
Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and acts on the liver to increase blood glucose levels?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: glucagon is produced by the pancreas and acts on the liver to increase blood glucose levels. Glucagon triggers the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, releasing it into the bloodstream. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and is not involved in glucose regulation. Glucagon does not act on the kidney but specifically targets the liver. Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a role in calcium regulation, not glucose metabolism.