ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The secretion of this gland enhances a sympathetic response.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that enhance the sympathetic response of the body. This response includes increased heart rate, dilation of airways, and increased blood flow to muscles. The other choices, B: Pancreas, C: Adrenal cortex, and D: Parathyroid, do not directly enhance sympathetic responses. The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels, the adrenal cortex produces cortisol and aldosterone, and the parathyroid regulates calcium levels. Therefore, only the adrenal medulla directly contributes to the sympathetic response, making it the correct choice.
Question 2 of 5
The “melting of flesh into urine,†an old-timey name, is most descriptive of untreated:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diabetes mellitus. This term describes the breakdown of body tissues for energy due to lack of insulin, leading to the production of ketones in the urine. In diabetes mellitus, the body cannot use glucose properly, causing the breakdown of fats and proteins. Addison's disease (B) involves adrenal insufficiency, not tissue breakdown. Diabetes insipidus (C) is a disorder of water balance, not tissue breakdown. Cushing syndrome (D) is characterized by excess cortisol production, not tissue breakdown into urine.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is produced by the posterior pituitary gland and regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to reduce urine output. FSH, LH, and ACTH are produced by the anterior pituitary gland and have different functions related to reproductive health and stress response. The key to this question is knowing the specific hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland, making D the correct choice.
Question 4 of 5
Hormones help balance the body’s reactions differently than nerve impulses in that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Hormones balance the body's reactions differently than nerve impulses because: - A: Hormonal responses are slower compared to nerve impulses due to the time it takes for hormones to travel through the bloodstream. - B: Hormones can target specific target cells located in different parts of the body, making their effects more targeted and widespread. - C: Hormonal effects can last longer than the quick, temporary effects of nerve impulses, contributing to sustained physiological changes. Therefore, D encompasses all these aspects, highlighting how hormones differ from nerve impulses.
Question 5 of 5
Which one of the following hormones is secreted by neurones?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxytocin. Neurones secrete oxytocin, a hormone involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Neurones release oxytocin from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic cells, not neurones. Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, and cortisol is released by the adrenal glands. Therefore, the correct answer is oxytocin as it is the hormone secreted by neurones.