ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The secretion of aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a key role in regulating electrolyte and fluid balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium, leading to increased water retention and higher blood pressure. This process helps maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure levels within the body. Therefore, the secretion of aldosterone does promote the reabsorption of sodium. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or explanation related to the question.
Question 2 of 5
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located in close proximity to the cells in the hypothalamus that produce vasopressin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (TRUE). Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located near the cells that produce vasopressin to regulate water balance. This proximity allows for efficient communication and coordination between osmoreceptor activity and vasopressin secretion. Osmoreceptors sense changes in blood osmolality and signal the release of vasopressin to help maintain water balance in the body. The close proximity between these structures enhances the rapid response to osmotic changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between osmoreceptors and vasopressin production in the hypothalamus.
Question 3 of 5
Paraesthesia—tingling in the extremities—is a common consequence of acidosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Acidosis leads to decreased blood flow to extremities, causing nerve dysfunction. 2. Nerves can become hypersensitive, leading to tingling sensations (paraesthesia). 3. Paraesthesia is a common symptom in acidosis due to nerve irritation. 4. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide valid reasoning for paraesthesia in acidosis.
Question 4 of 5
Chemical buffers work by removing excess H+ from the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffers do not remove excess H+ from the body; instead, they help maintain the pH balance by either accepting or releasing H+ ions to prevent drastic changes in pH. Buffers act as reservoirs for H+ ions, helping to minimize pH fluctuations. The incorrect choices (A, C, D) are invalid because buffers do not actively remove H+ ions but rather help regulate their concentration.
Question 5 of 5
Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffer systems are effective in defending against changes in [H+], but they are not the fastest mechanism. The fastest mechanism is the respiratory system, which can respond within minutes by adjusting the rate and depth of breathing to regulate CO2 levels and pH. The other choices (A, C, D) are marked as NA, indicating they are not applicable or do not contribute to the explanation of the correct answer.