ATI RN
Drugs Affecting the Female Reproductive System NCLEX Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The second generation sulfonylurea hypoglycaemics differ from the first generation ones in that they:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Second generation sulfonylureas like glimepiride and glipizide are less likely to cause hypoglycemic reactions compared to first generation ones like chlorpropamide and tolbutamide. Step 2: This is because second generation drugs have a shorter duration of action and are more selective for pancreatic beta cells, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. Step 3: Therefore, option D is correct as it accurately reflects the difference between the two generations in terms of hypoglycemic risk. Summary: - Option A is incorrect because both generations can be potent in lowering blood sugar. - Option B is incorrect as second generation drugs are not necessarily longer acting. - Option C is incorrect as sulfonylureas lower blood sugar regardless of the patient's diabetic status.
Question 2 of 5
Choose the correct statement(s) about pioglitazone:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that acts as an agonist on nuclear peroxisome proliferator receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Step 2: Activation of PPAR-γ enhances transcription of insulin responsive genes. Step 3: By enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, pioglitazone lowers blood sugar in type 2 diabetes mellitus without causing hyperinsulinemia. Step 4: Therefore, all the statements A, B, and C are correct, making option D the correct answer. Other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the mechanism of action and effects of pioglitazone.
Question 3 of 5
Glucagon release from pancreas is stimulated by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adrenaline. Glucagon release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels, which triggers the release of adrenaline. Adrenaline signals the liver to release stored glucose, raising blood sugar levels. High blood glucose levels (choice A) would not stimulate glucagon release. Insulin (choice B) decreases blood glucose levels and inhibits glucagon release. Somatostatin (choice C) also inhibits glucagon release.
Question 4 of 5
Hydrocortisone induces the synthesis of the following protein which in turn inhibits the
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hydrocortisone induces the synthesis of a protein called Lipocortin. 2. Lipocortin inhibits the enzyme phospholipase A2 (Choice A), reducing inflammation. 3. Heat shock protein-90 (Choice B) is not directly related to hydrocortisone's mechanism of action. 4. Inhibin (Choice C) is a hormone that inhibits the secretion of FSH, unrelated to hydrocortisone. 5. Transcortin (Choice D) is a binding protein for cortisol, not involved in hydrocortisone's protein synthesis.
Question 5 of 5
The corticosteroid preferred for replacement therapy in Addison's disease is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fludrocortisone. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Fludrocortisone is a synthetic steroid that mimics aldosterone, helping to maintain electrolyte balance. It is preferred over aldosterone itself due to better pharmacokinetics and longer duration of action. Hydrocortisone (C) is used to replace cortisol. Betamethasone (D) is a potent glucocorticoid with no mineralocorticoid activity. Aldosterone (A) is not the preferred corticosteroid for replacement therapy in Addison's disease.