The school nurse is evaluating the number of school-age children classified as obese. The nurse recognizes that the percentile of body mass index that classifies a child as obese is greater than which?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) 95th percentile. In pediatric growth charts, the body mass index (BMI) is used to assess a child's weight status. When a child's BMI falls at or above the 95th percentile for their age and sex, they are classified as obese. This percentile indicates that the child's BMI is greater than 95% of children in the same age group. Option A) 50th percentile is incorrect because this percentile represents the median or average BMI for children of that age. Being at the 50th percentile means that half of the children have a higher BMI and half have a lower BMI. Option B) 75th percentile is incorrect as it indicates that the child's BMI is higher than 75% of children in the same age group but not high enough to be classified as obese. Option C) 80th percentile is also incorrect as it suggests that the child's BMI is higher than 80% of children in the same age group but still falls below the threshold for obesity. Understanding these percentiles is crucial for healthcare providers, especially school nurses, to identify and address obesity in children. By recognizing the significance of the 95th percentile in classifying obesity, nurses can intervene early, provide education on healthy lifestyle choices, and support children and their families in achieving optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Evidence from randomized clinical trials showed inconsistent results. In the GRADE criteria, moderate quality of evidence indicates that further research may change the confidence in the estimate of the effect. Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard in research design as they provide the highest level of evidence. However, inconsistent results from these trials suggest that there may be limitations or issues with the study design, implementation, or interpretation of results, leading to moderate quality evidence. Option A is incorrect because strong evidence from unbiased observational studies would indicate high quality evidence, not moderate quality. Option C is incorrect because consistent evidence from well-performed randomized clinical trials would indicate high quality evidence, not moderate quality. Option D is incorrect because evidence for at least one critical outcome from randomized clinical trials having serious flaws would indicate low quality evidence, not moderate quality. Understanding the different levels of evidence quality is essential for nurses to critically appraise research studies, make informed decisions based on evidence-based practice, and provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct moral value displayed by the nurse is autonomy (Option B). Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their healthcare, especially when it concerns their body and treatment. By supporting the adolescent patient in making decisions alongside his parents, the nurse is respecting his autonomy and promoting his right to self-determination, which is crucial in adolescent healthcare as they transition into adulthood. Option A) Justice relates to fairness and equal treatment, but in this case, the focus is on individual decision-making rather than distributive justice. Option C) Beneficence refers to the duty to do good and promote the well-being of the patient. While important, it does not directly address the adolescent's right to make decisions about their treatment. Option D) Nonmaleficence emphasizes the duty to do no harm. While relevant in healthcare ethics, it does not pertain directly to the patient's autonomy in decision-making. Educationally, understanding these moral principles in healthcare is vital for nurses to navigate ethical dilemmas and provide patient-centered care. Encouraging adolescent autonomy not only respects their rights but also fosters trust and collaboration in the healthcare setting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing care, the nurse manager compiling a report on nursing-sensitive indicators for a nursing unit would include education and certification of the nurses on the unit (Option C) in the report. This information is crucial as it directly impacts the quality of care provided to pediatric patients. Nurses' education and certification levels are key factors in ensuring competency, clinical judgment, and the delivery of evidence-based care, all of which are vital for positive patient outcomes in pediatric nursing. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons: - Option A, the average age of the nurses on the unit, is not a nursing-sensitive indicator and does not directly correlate with the quality of care provided. - Option B, the salary ranges for the nurses on the unit, while important for workforce management, are not directly related to nursing-sensitive indicators that reflect patient care outcomes. - Option D, the number of nurses who have applied but were not hired for the unit, is more related to staffing and recruitment issues rather than the quality of care provided by the current nursing staff. Understanding and analyzing nursing-sensitive indicators is crucial in evaluating and improving the quality of care provided to pediatric patients. By focusing on education and certification levels of the nursing staff, nurse managers can make informed decisions to enhance patient outcomes and ensure the delivery of safe and effective pediatric nursing care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, promoting the health and well-being of children is a multifaceted role that involves various responsibilities. Option A, promoting disease prevention, is a crucial aspect of a pediatric nurse's role as it focuses on keeping children healthy by implementing measures to prevent illnesses and injuries. This includes educating families on immunizations, hygiene practices, and safety precautions. Option C, providing support and counseling, is also essential for a pediatric nurse as they not only care for the physical health of children but also address their emotional and psychological needs. This can involve offering guidance to children and families during challenging times, providing emotional support, and facilitating coping strategies. Option B, providing financial assistance, is not typically a direct responsibility of a pediatric nurse. While financial considerations may impact a child's health, it is not within the scope of practice for a nurse to provide financial assistance. Instead, nurses can refer families to resources or social workers who can help with financial support. In an educational context, understanding the scope of responsibilities in promoting the health and well-being of children is vital for nursing students preparing to work with pediatric populations. By grasping the importance of disease prevention, support and counseling, students can effectively advocate for the holistic care of children and contribute to positive health outcomes.