ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The role of parietal cells is to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because parietal cells secrete hydrogen ions and chloride ions into the lumen, which combine to form hydrochloric acid, maintaining the acidic pH of the stomach essential for digestion. Option B is incorrect as alkaline mucous is produced by goblet cells, not parietal cells. Option C is incorrect as histamine is secreted by enterochromaffin-like cells, not parietal cells. Option D is incorrect as gastric lipase is primarily secreted by chief cells in the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
A 68-yr-old male patient with a stroke is unconscious and unresponsive to stimuli. After learning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Breath sounds. In an unconscious stroke patient, airway patency and adequate oxygenation are critical. Assessing breath sounds more frequently than routine helps monitor for respiratory distress, such as aspiration or pneumonia. Apical pulse (B) may be important but not as immediately life-threatening as respiratory status. Bowel sounds (C) may indicate bowel function but are not as urgent as assessing breathing. By prioritizing breath sounds, the nurse can ensure timely intervention in case of respiratory compromise.
Question 3 of 5
A 68-yr-old male patient with a stroke is unconscious and unresponsive to stimuli. After learning that the patient has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), what should the nurse plan to assess more frequently than is routine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breath sounds. Given the patient's history of GERD, there is an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia due to the reflux of gastric contents into the lungs. Therefore, assessing breath sounds more frequently is crucial to monitor for signs of respiratory distress or pneumonia. A: Apical pulse is important but not directly related to the patient's history of GERD. B: Bowel sounds are relevant for assessing GI function but not specifically impacted by GERD. D: Abdominal girth is more related to abdominal distension or organ enlargement rather than GERD complications.
Question 4 of 5
A hiatal hernia is a weakness in the _____ muscle, which allows a portion of the digestive tract to enter the thoracic cavity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach pushes through the opening in the diaphragm known as the esophageal hiatus, allowing a portion of the stomach to enter the thoracic cavity. The other choices, B: stomach, C: intestinal, and D: thoracic wall, are incorrect because a hiatal hernia specifically involves a weakness in the diaphragm muscle, not in these other structures. The stomach is the organ affected by the hernia, but the primary issue lies in the diaphragm's weakness. The intestinal and thoracic wall choices are not directly related to the development of a hiatal hernia.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: erythropoiesis. The liver does not have a primary role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), which is mainly carried out by the bone marrow. A: The liver stores glycogen for energy regulation. B: Detoxification is a crucial function of the liver, breaking down harmful substances. C: The liver synthesizes clotting proteins like fibrinogen. In summary, while the liver is vital for glycogen storage, detoxification, and clotting protein synthesis, it does not play a significant role in erythropoiesis.