ATI RN
ATI Neurological System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The risk of early-onset AD for the children of parents with it is about 50%.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is option A: "The risk of early-onset AD for the children of parents with it is about 50%." This answer is accurate because early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to have a strong genetic component, particularly in familial cases. Children of parents with early-onset AD have a 50% chance of inheriting the genetic mutation that causes the disease. Option B, "Women get AD more often than men do," is incorrect as it does not address the specific risk of early-onset AD for children of affected parents. Gender differences in AD prevalence are more commonly observed in the general population and are not indicative of the risk for children of affected individuals. Option C, "so his chances of getting AD are slim," is incorrect and misleading. Given the strong genetic link in early-onset AD cases, the chances of inheriting the disease-causing mutation are actually significant for children of affected parents, as stated in the correct answer. Option D, "The blood test for the ApoE gene to identify this type of AD can predict who will develop it," is incorrect as it refers to a different type of AD associated with the ApoE gene, not early-onset AD with a known autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. In an educational context, understanding the genetic risk factors associated with early-onset AD is crucial for healthcare providers, families, and individuals at risk. This knowledge can inform genetic counseling, early detection, and intervention strategies for individuals with a family history of the disease. Educating individuals about their specific risk factors can empower them to make informed decisions about their healthcare and future planning.
Question 2 of 5
Priority Decision: Twenty-four hours after a below-the-knee amputation, a patient uses the call system to tell the nurse that his dressing (a compression bandage) has fallen off. What is the first action that the nurse should take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) Cover the incision with dry gauze. This is the first action the nurse should take because the patient's dressing has fallen off, exposing the incision site. By covering the incision with dry gauze, the nurse can protect the wound from contaminants and promote healing by maintaining a clean and dry environment. Option A) Apply ice to the site is incorrect because applying ice to the amputation site can cause vasoconstriction, which may compromise blood flow and delay wound healing. Option C) Reapply the compression dressing is incorrect because the compression dressing may need to be reapplied by a healthcare provider to ensure proper fit and pressure on the residual limb. Option D) Elevate the extremity on a couple of pillows is incorrect because while elevation is important for reducing swelling and promoting circulation, the immediate priority is to cover the exposed incision to prevent infection. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to prioritize patient safety and wound care management post-amputation. Understanding the importance of wound dressing integrity and infection prevention is essential in providing quality care for patients undergoing surgical procedures like amputations. Nurses must be able to quickly assess and respond to changes in patient condition to prevent complications and promote optimal healing outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who experienced an open fracture of the humerus 2 weeks ago is having increased pain at the fracture site. To identify a possible causative agent of osteomyelitis at the site, what should the nurse expect testing to include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Bone biopsy. When a patient with an open fracture experiences increased pain at the fracture site, it raises suspicion for osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone. To definitively diagnose osteomyelitis, a bone biopsy is necessary to identify the causative agent, such as bacteria, which helps determine the appropriate treatment plan, including antibiotic therapy. Option A) X-rays can show changes in bone density or structure but may not definitively diagnose osteomyelitis. Option B) CT scans provide detailed images of the bones and surrounding tissues, but they are not typically used as the primary diagnostic tool for osteomyelitis. Option D) WBC count and ESR can indicate inflammation or infection in the body, but they are not specific to osteomyelitis and cannot identify the causative agent. Educationally, understanding the diagnostic process for osteomyelitis is crucial for nurses caring for patients with fractures or suspected bone infections. Proper assessment, including ordering the appropriate tests like a bone biopsy, is essential for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment to prevent complications.
Question 4 of 5
A 60-year-old woman has pain on motion in her fingers and asks the nurse whether this is just a result of aging. The best response by the nurse should include what information?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Changes in the cartilage and bones of joints may cause symptoms of pain and loss of function in some people as they age. Rationale: - This response is correct because it acknowledges the physiological changes that occur in joints as people age, such as degeneration of cartilage and bones leading to pain and reduced function. - Age-related joint pain is often attributed to osteoarthritis, a common condition characterized by wear and tear on the joints over time. - Understanding these age-related changes can help individuals manage their symptoms effectively through lifestyle modifications, exercise, and medical interventions. Why other options are incorrect: - Option A is incorrect because while joint pain can be common with aging, it is not always associated with functional limitations for all individuals. - Option B is incorrect as age-related joint pain is not always solely related to previous trauma or infection but can also be due to natural degenerative processes. - Option C is incorrect as not all cases of joint pain in older adults are indicative of a systemic arthritis affecting all joints progressively. Educational context: Educating patients about the normal changes that occur in the musculoskeletal system as they age is crucial for promoting self-awareness and proactive management of symptoms. By understanding the factors contributing to joint pain, individuals can make informed decisions about lifestyle choices, seek appropriate medical advice, and engage in strategies to maintain joint health and mobility as they grow older.
Question 5 of 5
A patient recovering from an acute exacerbation of RA tells the nurse that she is too tired to bathe. What should the nurse do for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Give the patient a bed bath to conserve her energy. This option is the most appropriate because it addresses the patient's fatigue while still promoting hygiene and self-care. Providing a bed bath allows the patient to conserve energy while also ensuring cleanliness and comfort. Option B) Allow the patient a rest period before showering with the nurse's help, while promoting rest, may not fully address the patient's fatigue as it still involves physical exertion. Option C) Tell the patient that she can skip bathing if she will walk in the hall later is incorrect as it compromises hygiene, which is essential for a patient's overall well-being. Option D) Inform the patient that it is important for her to maintain self-care activities is not the best choice as it does not offer a practical solution for the patient's current state of fatigue. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of individualizing care based on the patient's needs and conditions. It highlights the nurse's role in promoting self-care while considering the patient's limitations and providing appropriate support to ensure their well-being. Understanding the balance between promoting independence and providing necessary assistance is crucial in nursing practice, especially when caring for patients with chronic conditions like RA.