The risk of developing infective endocarditis is the least in a patient with

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A large atrial septal defect has low turbulence and pressure gradients, making it less likely to develop infective endocarditis compared to high-pressure lesions such as VSDs or valvular regurgitations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tachycardia is often the earliest sign of shock in children due to increased sympathetic response in compensation for decreased perfusion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: About 50% of children with allergic rhinitis also have reactive airway disease or asthma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tachycardia is the earliest sign of compensated shock as the body attempts to maintain perfusion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot consists of four defects: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and VSD. The boot-shaped heart on X-ray is a classic finding. Cyanotic spells improve with squatting or knee-chest positioning.