The risk for development of respiratory distress syndrome RDS increases with the following conditions EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is crucial for providing effective care to neonates. The correct answer, option A, "prolonged rupture of membranes," is not a direct risk factor for RDS. Rupture of membranes can lead to infection, which is a risk factor, but the rupture itself does not directly increase the risk of RDS. Option B, "maternal diabetes," is a known risk factor for RDS as poorly controlled maternal diabetes can lead to fetal lung immaturity. Option C, "multiple births," increases the risk of RDS due to the higher likelihood of premature birth in multiple pregnancies. Option D, "cold stress," can also contribute to RDS by causing vasoconstriction and increased respiratory effort in neonates. Educationally, understanding the risk factors for RDS helps nurses in identifying high-risk neonates, implementing preventive measures, and providing appropriate interventions promptly. This knowledge is essential in pediatric nursing practice to ensure the best outcomes for infants at risk for respiratory distress syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the risk factors associated with significant jaundice is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns. In this question, the correct answer is B) male gender. Male gender is not a protective factor against significant jaundice. In fact, male infants are at a higher risk for developing jaundice compared to female infants due to differences in liver function and metabolism of bilirubin. Option A) gestational age ≥41 weeks is associated with decreased risk of significant jaundice as full-term infants have a more mature liver function, which helps in processing bilirubin effectively. Option C) exclusive bottle-feeding is a risk factor for significant jaundice as breastfed infants are less likely to develop jaundice due to the composition of breast milk and better feeding practices. Option D) discharge from the hospital after 72 hours is associated with decreased risk of significant jaundice as it allows for proper monitoring of bilirubin levels and ensures timely intervention if needed before discharge. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing risk factors for significant jaundice in newborns and emphasizes the need for comprehensive assessment and management strategies to prevent adverse outcomes related to jaundice. Nurses must be able to identify these risk factors and provide appropriate care and education to parents to promote the health and well-being of newborns.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question on pediatric nursing related to abnormally short cords, the correct answer is option A) Fetal hypotonia. Abnormally short cords are associated with fetal hypotonia because the lack of movement and muscle tone in the fetus can lead to decreased fetal activity which in turn may result in a shorter cord. Option B) Wrapping around fetal parts is incorrect because this is actually a common cause of fetal distress and complications during labor and delivery. When the cord wraps around the fetal parts, it can lead to decreased blood flow and oxygen supply to the fetus. Option C) Uterine constraint is incorrect as well because this can also contribute to complications during labor and delivery but is not directly related to the length of the umbilical cord. Option D) Oligohydramnios is incorrect as it refers to decreased amniotic fluid levels which can also impact fetal well-being but is not directly related to the length of the umbilical cord. In an educational context, understanding the implications of abnormally short cords is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for infants and children. Recognizing the factors associated with abnormal cord length can help nurses identify potential risks and provide appropriate care and interventions to ensure optimal outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intrapartum antibiotics are administered to pregnant women during labor to prevent the transmission of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) to the newborn, which can lead to serious infections. The correct answer, option D, "Reduce the rates of late-onset GBS disease," is the most accurate statement regarding the use of intrapartum antibiotics. Administering antibiotics during labor has been shown to decrease the incidence of late-onset GBS disease, which occurs in newborns after the first week of life. Option A, "Reduce vertical transmission of GBS," is incorrect because intrapartum antibiotics aim to prevent the transmission during labor, not before birth. Option B, "Lessen neonatal morbidity after preterm rupture of membranes," is also incorrect as antibiotics in this context are primarily focused on GBS prevention rather than addressing preterm rupture of membranes. Option C, "Prevent perinatal transmission of GBS," is not the best choice as it is too broad and does not specifically address the impact on late-onset GBS disease. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind administering intrapartum antibiotics is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide evidence-based care to pregnant women and newborns. By knowing the specific benefits of this intervention, nurses can effectively advocate for its use to promote the health and well-being of infants. It is essential for nurses to stay updated on current guidelines and recommendations regarding intrapartum antibiotic use to provide safe and quality care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Exposure to glucocorticoids during the first week of life. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in preterm infants where parts of the intestine undergo tissue death. Glucocorticoids, which are often used in preterm infants to help with lung maturation, can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of developing NEC due to impaired intestinal barrier function and altered immune response. Option A) Delivery by cesarean section is not the most important risk factor for NEC. While cesarean section delivery can impact the infant's gut microbiome, which may play a role in NEC development, it is not as significant as exposure to glucocorticoids. Option B) Breastfeeding is actually protective against NEC due to its benefits in promoting a healthy gut microbiome and providing immune factors that can reduce the risk of NEC. Option C) Apgar score, which assesses the newborn's overall condition at birth, is not directly linked to the development of NEC. While a low Apgar score may indicate a higher risk for various complications, it is not the most important risk factor for NEC. In an educational context, understanding the risk factors for NEC in preterm infants is crucial for healthcare providers working in neonatal care. By recognizing the significance of glucocorticoid exposure in increasing the risk of NEC, healthcare professionals can implement strategies to minimize this risk, such as judicious use of glucocorticoids and close monitoring of preterm infants for early signs of NEC. This knowledge is essential for providing optimal care and improving outcomes for vulnerable preterm infants.