ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The respiratory system can only partially counteract any deviations in body pH.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The respiratory system plays a crucial role in regulating the body's pH by controlling the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood through respiration. However, it can only partially counteract deviations in body pH because it cannot rapidly adjust to extreme changes. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect because the respiratory system does have a role in pH regulation, even though it is not the only system involved.
Question 2 of 5
Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation because CO is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Hyperventilation leads to increased exhalation of CO2. 2. Reduced CO2 levels result in decreased carbonic acid formation. 3. The decrease in carbonic acid causes alkalosis. 4. Therefore, respiratory alkalosis occurs due to CO2 being removed faster than produced. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for respiratory alkalosis.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a massive burn injury and possible
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a patient with a massive burn injury, the most concerning assessment data would be related to the extent and depth of the burns, the presence of airway compromise, and signs of infection or sepsis. These factors can significantly impact the patient's prognosis and require immediate intervention. Choice B is not the most concerning as urine output of 30 mL/hr may be expected in a burn patient due to fluid shifts and decreased perfusion. Choice C indicates hypotension, which is concerning but not as immediate as assessing the extent and severity of the burns. Choice D, while indicating inadequate fluid intake, is not the most critical assessment in this scenario compared to evaluating the burn injury itself and potential complications. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it focuses on the most critical aspect of care for a patient with a massive burn injury.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis has rapid, deep respirations. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action is to start the prescribed PRN oxygen at 2 to 4 L/min. In diabetic ketoacidosis, rapid, deep respirations are a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis. Administering oxygen helps improve oxygenation and reduces the work of breathing. Encouraging deep slow breaths (choice B) may worsen the patient's condition by interfering with the compensatory mechanism. Giving lorazepam (choice A) is unnecessary and could potentially depress the respiratory drive. Administering fluid bolus and insulin (choice D) are essential treatments for diabetic ketoacidosis, but addressing the respiratory distress with oxygen takes priority in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with renal failure is on a low phosphate diet. Which food should the nurse instruct unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to remove from the patient's food tray?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skim Milk. Skim milk is high in phosphorus, which is not suitable for a patient on a low phosphate diet due to renal failure. The rationale is to limit phosphorus intake to prevent further complications. Grape juice (B), tea (C), and mixed green salad (D) are lower in phosphorus compared to skim milk and can be included in a low phosphate diet.