ATI RN
Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 9
The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a(n) design.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: experimental design. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates one variable (aromatherapy vs. acupuncture) to observe its effect on another variable (stress). Without a control group, it is impossible to establish a baseline for comparison. A control group is essential to isolate the effects of the treatment from other variables. Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, surveys are used to gather data rather than test hypotheses, and meta-analyses involve combining and analyzing results from multiple studies.
Question 2 of 9
A nurse manager is working with the financial officer to develop the budget of the nursing unit for the next fiscal year. The nurse manager tells the financial officer that which of the following pieces of information will affect budget assumptions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because an increase in patient census directly impacts the budget assumptions by affecting staffing needs, supply costs, and revenue projections. This information is crucial for accurate budget planning. Choice A is incorrect because the capital budget request for new equipment does not directly impact the nursing unit's operational budget assumptions. Choice C is incorrect as the effectiveness of participatory budgeting in controlling supply costs does not directly influence future budget assumptions. Choice D is incorrect as zero-based budgeting efficiency does not directly address the impact of increased patient census on budget assumptions.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse is demonstrating active listening when:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining eye contact while focusing on the patient's description of pain level and location demonstrates active listening. This non-verbal communication shows empathy and attentiveness to the patient's concerns. Choice A focuses on providing information rather than actively listening. Choice C involves personalizing the situation rather than focusing on the patient's needs. Choice D involves agreeing with the patient's decision rather than actively listening to understand their perspective.
Question 4 of 9
A nurse wants to apply open communication to obtain a thorough history and to determine cognitive function. Which question represents the use of open communication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it encourages the patient to provide detailed information and express themselves freely. By asking the patient to "Tell me what day of the week today is," the nurse is prompting an open-ended response, allowing the patient to share their understanding. Choice A is closed-ended, requiring a simple yes/no answer. Choice B is slightly better as it prompts for information, but it is still closed-ended. Choice D is irrelevant to the question of determining cognitive function and history. In summary, C promotes open communication by encouraging the patient to elaborate, while the other choices limit the patient's response.
Question 5 of 9
Complementary alternative medicine (CAM) is gaining popularity in Western society because: (select all that apply)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: CAM consumers want personalized health care. This is because CAM focuses on holistic and individualized approaches to health, addressing not just symptoms but underlying causes. Consumers seek CAM for tailored treatments and a more patient-centered approach. Choice A is incorrect because CAM often involves practitioners who may not be traditional physicians. Choice C is incorrect as quality of life, rather than just quantity, is increasingly valued in Western society. Choice D is incorrect because although there is some evidence supporting CAM, it is not always readily accessible or universally accepted.
Question 6 of 9
An RN is consistently late to work, causing reassignment of patient care and the need for repeated shift reports. The nurse, who receives a warning for repeated tardiness, states, "My husband left me, I have no car, no family close by, and the bus is always late, which makes me late. The nurse manager doesn't care how hard I try to get here, and I am raising a child by myself." The nurse is using which type of logical fallacy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Appeal to emotion. The nurse is trying to justify their repeated tardiness by appealing to the emotions of the nurse manager, by invoking pity and sympathy. This type of logical fallacy involves using emotional manipulation to distract from the real issue of consistently being late to work. The nurse's personal circumstances are valid but do not excuse the behavior. Summary of other choices: B: Appeal to tradition - This fallacy involves justifying a belief or action based on the fact that it has been done that way in the past. This is not evident in the nurse's response. C: Hasty generalization - Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence. The nurse's explanation is specific to their own situation and not a broad generalization. D: Confusing cause and effect - Mistaking the cause of a situation for the effect or vice versa. The nurse is trying to use their personal circumstances as the cause of being consistently late, rather than taking responsibility for their actions.
Question 7 of 9
In an attempt to persuade employees to bargain for another type of health insurance, a handout is circulated that describes the present employees' health care insurance as being insensitive, limiting choices of care providers, and providing inferior care. This reflects which aspect of Lewin's planned change?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Unfreeze. In this scenario, the handout is aimed at creating dissatisfaction with the current state of health insurance among employees, which aligns with the unfreezing stage of Lewin's planned change model. Unfreezing involves creating awareness of the need for change by highlighting deficiencies in the current state. The handout is triggering employees to reevaluate their current health insurance and consider alternative options. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not capture the initial stage of creating dissatisfaction and readiness for change, as seen in the unfreezing phase.
Question 8 of 9
A task force is considering factors that contribute to high-quality safe staffing. Which statement reflects an understanding of the American Nurses Association's (ANA) recommendations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it aligns with the ANA's recommendations for high-quality safe staffing. The nursing process involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, which are essential for achieving safe patient outcomes. By allowing RNs enough time to apply this process, they can make informed decisions that promote quality care. Choice A is incorrect because patient needs can fluctuate throughout the shift, so staffing levels must be flexible to adapt to changing demands. Choice C is incorrect as patient acuity levels may require more RNs to provide complex care, rather than relying solely on unlicensed personnel. Choice D is incorrect as having adequate RN staffing is crucial for patient safety and outcomes, and cutting RN numbers for cost-effectiveness can compromise care quality.
Question 9 of 9
A group of nurses are interested in the how to improve teaching effectiveness for patients who have a hearing impairment and lack family involvement while hospitalized. They believe "hearing loss decreases the teaching effectiveness while hospitalized." The group plans to evaluate teaching effectiveness using a 10-point Likert scale pre-post teaching, perform a hearing test to determine degree of hearing loss on admission, and have social work evaluate the impact of hearing impairment on patient's ability to safely live alone prior to discharge. The group is working in which step of the scientific process?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Method. In the scientific process, the method refers to designing and planning the research study. In this scenario, the group of nurses is planning how to improve teaching effectiveness for patients with hearing impairment, which involves designing the study by using a Likert scale pre-post teaching evaluation, conducting a hearing test, and involving social work for evaluation. This step focuses on determining how the research will be carried out, including data collection methods and procedures. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hypothesis - This step involves formulating a testable prediction based on observations or existing knowledge. C: Results - This step involves analyzing the data collected and drawing conclusions. D: Evaluation - This step involves assessing the effectiveness or outcomes of the research study.