ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The release of hormones from endocrine glands is most often controlled by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hormone release often involves cAMP (second messenger from GPCRs, e.g., glucagon) and calcium (triggers exocytosis, e.g., insulin) common intracellular signals. Peptide hormones stimulate, not control release directly effectors. Calcium/glucose influence (e.g., insulin), but cAMP broadens scope. Sodium aids depolarization, not primary control. cAMP-calcium synergy distinguishes release mechanisms, critical for endocrine signaling, unlike hormone, substrate, or ion pairs.
Question 2 of 5
Exemplify hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anterior pituitary secretes growth hormone (GH, growth) and LH (luteinizing hormone, reproduction) tropic examples. ADH/oxytocin are posterior pituitary, hypothalamic-made. ACTH is anterior, but insulin is pancreatic. Thyroxine (thyroid) and cortisol (adrenal) are target gland products. GH-LH pair distinguishes anterior pituitary, key to its regulatory scope, unlike posterior or peripheral hormones.
Question 3 of 5
Identify a hormone that increases metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) increase metabolic rate boosting cellular energy use, heat production. Calcitonin (thyroid) lowers calcium, not metabolism. Aldosterone (adrenal) manages sodium, not rate. PTH (parathyroid) raises calcium, minimal metabolic effect. Thyroid's metabolic surge distinguishes it, critical for energy regulation, unlike calcium or electrolyte hormones.
Question 4 of 5
Epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla will produce the same results as the nervous system.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine/norepinephrine mimic sympathetic nervous system raising heart rate, glucose, alertness fight-or-flight synergy. Parasympathetic (rest/digest) opposes slows heart, digestion focus. Somatic controls voluntary muscles, not visceral. Central (CNS) governs, not mimics. Sympathetic alignment distinguishes catecholamines, critical for stress response, unlike opposing, voluntary, or oversight systems.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is NOT true of Cushing syndrome?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cushing syndrome, from cortisol excess (adrenal cortex hypersecretion), causes trunk obesity, moon face, and buffalo hump not hyposecretion, which is Addison's. Basic blood pH (alkalosis) can occur from mineralocorticoid effects, true in severe cases. Hyposecretion contradicts excess defines it. Hypersecretion basis distinguishes Cushing's, key to its phenotype, unlike pH or hypo-error.