ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The region of the stomach around the opening from the esophagus is called the ______ region.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: cardiac region. The region of the stomach around the opening from the esophagus is called the cardiac region because it is closest to the heart. The cardiac region is located near the top of the stomach, where the esophagus connects. This area contains the cardiac sphincter, which helps prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. The other choices are incorrect because: - A: pyloric region is located at the bottom of the stomach and connects to the small intestine. - B: body refers to the main central part of the stomach. - D: fundus is the upper portion of the stomach, above the cardiac region.
Question 2 of 5
The pancreatic juice, produced by acinar cells, is secreted into the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: duodenum. Pancreatic juice is secreted by acinar cells in the pancreas and is released into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. This is where pancreatic enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The stomach (choice A) secretes gastric juice, not pancreatic juice. The jejunum (choice C) and ileum (choice D) are parts of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients occurs, but they are not the sites of pancreatic juice secretion.
Question 3 of 5
The lipids that can be absorbed across the epithelial wall of the small intestine are hydrophobic and would have a difficult time in the watery lumen to come in contact with the epithelial membrane. These lipids are able to move easily in the watery lumen because of interaction with
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: micelles. Micelles are formed when bile salts interact with hydrophobic lipids, such as triglycerides, in the watery lumen of the small intestine. This interaction allows the lipids to be emulsified and solubilized in the watery environment, making it easier for them to come in contact with the epithelial membrane for absorption. Lipase (B) is an enzyme that breaks down lipids but does not aid in the movement of lipids in the watery lumen. Bile salts (A) help emulsify lipids but do not facilitate the movement of lipids in the watery lumen. Chylomicrons (D) are large lipoprotein particles formed after absorption of lipids into enterocytes, not involved in the initial movement of lipids in the watery lumen.
Question 4 of 5
Intestinal motility is a complex process, orchestrated by nerves, hormones and the presence of food in the stomach. Which statement about this process is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. When partially digested fat and starch enter the duodenum, it triggers the release of hormones like cholecystokinin and secretin, which slow down intestinal motility. This is important for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the migrating motor complex is responsible for clearing the stomach and small intestine of residual food and bacteria during fasting, not after a meal. Choice B is incorrect because insulin does not affect stomach emptying; rather, it regulates blood sugar levels. Choice C is incorrect because the stomach does not increase its tone at the start of a meal; instead, it relaxes to accommodate the incoming food.
Question 5 of 5
Neural networks can be categorized by the main neurotransmitter involved - for example, the dopamine network, the norepinephrine network, etc. Which of the following statements below describing these networks is false?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because inhibition of the dopamine network is not associated with drug addictions; rather, it is often linked to reward, pleasure, and reinforcement in addiction. Parkinson's disease is associated with a loss of the dopamine network (A), cholinesterase inhibitors increase acetylcholine levels to treat Alzheimer's symptoms (B), and some stimulants work through the activation of the norepinephrine network (D).