The recommended diet for the patient who is dyspneic is a soft diet with:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Frequent, small meals. This is recommended for a dyspneic patient to prevent feeling overly full and to reduce the effort required for digestion, thus minimizing the risk of exacerbating breathing difficulties. Three large meals (A) would likely cause discomfort and increase difficulty in breathing. A low-protein emphasis (B) is not specifically indicated for dyspneic patients unless there are underlying conditions that require protein restriction. A low-calorie emphasis (C) may lead to inadequate nutrient intake, which is crucial for supporting the body's overall health and healing process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct: 1. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, expanding the thoracic cavity. 2. Expansion of the thoracic cavity leads to a decrease in alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure. 3. Decreased alveolar pressure causes air to flow into the lungs due to the pressure difference. 4. Decreased intrapleural pressure helps keep the lungs inflated by maintaining the pleural cavity pressure lower than alveolar pressure. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. Incorrect because alveolar pressure decreases during inhalation, but intrapleural pressure also decreases. B. Incorrect because both alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure decrease during inhalation. D. Incorrect because alveolar pressure decreases and intrapleural pressure also decreases during inhalation, not increases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities in mammals. It contracts during inhalation, expanding the thoracic cavity and allowing the lungs to fill with air. This physiological function clearly demonstrates that the diaphragm is the structure responsible for partitioning the body cavity. A: Liver - The liver is located in the abdominal cavity and does not partition the thoracic and abdominal cavities. B: Lungs - Lungs are organs within the thoracic cavity but do not partition the two cavities. C: Ribs - Ribs protect the thoracic organs but do not partition the body cavity into thoracic and abdominal regions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chloride shift. During the transport of CO2, carbonic anhydrase in RBCs converts CO2 to bicarbonate ions. To maintain electrochemical neutrality, chloride ions move into RBCs as bicarbonate ions move out into plasma (Chloride Shift). Osmosis (A) involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, not relevant to CO2 transport. Adsorption (B) refers to the adhesion of molecules to a surface, not a process between RBCs and plasma in CO2 transport. Absorption (D) typically involves the uptake of substances into a bulk material, not applicable to the interaction between RBCs and plasma in CO2 transport.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Provide a clear liquid breakfast. Rationale: Preparing a client for a bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy involves NPO (nothing by mouth) after midnight to prevent aspiration during the procedure. Providing a clear liquid breakfast contradicts the NPO status required. Summary: - B: Verifying informed consent is essential to ensure the client understands the procedure and consents to it. - C: Documenting allergies is important to prevent any adverse reactions during the procedure. - D: Reviewing laboratory results is necessary to ensure the client's readiness for the procedure.