The recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease of children rests largely on all the following features EXCEPT

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is E, which is not listed among the options provided. The recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease of children rests largely on factors such as high prevalence, its significant impact on the quality of life, and its effects on school performance. However, the option "other comorbidities" is not a feature that contributes to the recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease in children. Understanding the features that contribute to the recognition of allergic rhinitis is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the impact of allergic rhinitis on children's lives, including their health, well-being, and academic performance, is essential for providing comprehensive care and appropriate management strategies. By differentiating between the essential features and unrelated factors, healthcare providers can improve their ability to diagnose, treat, and support children with allergic rhinitis effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the factors influencing the persistence of childhood asthma is crucial for effective management and care. The correct answer, D) parental asthma, is the strongest identifiable factor for the persistence of childhood asthma. This is because asthma has a significant genetic component, and children with a parent who has asthma are at a higher risk of developing and persisting with asthma themselves. Option A) allergy is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations, but it is not as strong a predictor for the persistence of asthma as parental history. Option B) male gender is a demographic factor that may influence asthma prevalence but is not as directly linked to persistence as parental asthma. Option C) low birth weight can be a risk factor for respiratory issues in infants, but it is not as strongly associated with the persistence of asthma compared to a family history of asthma. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the multifactorial nature of asthma in children. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to assess not only the child's symptoms but also their family medical history to provide comprehensive and personalized care. By recognizing the impact of parental asthma, nurses and healthcare professionals can better support children with asthma in managing their condition effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and asthma management, understanding the bronchodilator response to inhaled B-agonists like albuterol is crucial. The correct answer, D) >15%, is based on the typical response seen in asthmatic patients. Asthma is a condition characterized by reversible airway obstruction, and bronchodilators help to open up the airways, leading to an improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). In asthmatic patients, a significant increase of more than 15% in FEV1 post-bronchodilator administration is indicative of a positive response to the medication. Option A) >10%, Option B) >12%, and Option C) >14% are lower thresholds and do not reflect the substantial improvement typically seen in asthmatic individuals. Asthma is a complex respiratory condition that requires accurate assessment and management to prevent exacerbations and maintain optimal lung function. Understanding the expected response to bronchodilators is essential for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with asthma. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of recognizing typical clinical responses in asthmatic patients to bronchodilator therapy. It highlights the need for healthcare professionals to be able to interpret pulmonary function test results accurately and make informed clinical decisions based on those findings. By understanding the nuances of asthma management, nurses can provide quality care and help improve outcomes for pediatric patients with asthma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In atopic dermatitis, pruritus (itching) is a common symptom that can be triggered by various factors. The correct answer is C) high humidity. High humidity can exacerbate atopic dermatitis by increasing moisture on the skin, leading to further irritation and itching. This trigger is related to the skin's barrier function and its response to environmental factors. Option A) grass and B) tree nuts are possible triggers for atopic dermatitis in some individuals who have specific allergies to these substances. However, not all patients with atopic dermatitis will experience pruritus triggered by grass or tree nuts. Option D) herpes simplex is a viral infection that can cause cold sores or genital herpes but is not typically associated with triggering pruritus in atopic dermatitis. Educationally, understanding common triggers for pruritus in atopic dermatitis is essential for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with this condition. By recognizing and addressing triggers like high humidity, grass, and tree nuts, healthcare providers can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the appropriate management of impetiginous lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis. The best choice of antibiotic in this scenario is topical mupirocin (Option C). Mupirocin is effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, which are common pathogens in impetigo. Topical mupirocin is preferred over oral antibiotics like erythromycin (Option A) and cephalexin (Option B) because it provides targeted therapy directly to the affected skin without the systemic side effects associated with oral antibiotics. Choosing topical ampicillin (Option D) is incorrect as ampicillin is not commonly used to treat impetiginous lesions and may not provide adequate coverage against the pathogens involved. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind selecting specific antibiotics for pediatric skin conditions is essential for nursing practice. It ensures safe and effective care for pediatric patients, minimizes the risk of antibiotic resistance, and promotes evidence-based decision-making in clinical scenarios.