ATI RN
Chapter 26 principles of pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The rate of drug bioavailability is most rapid when the drug is formulated as a
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A solution (D) offers the most rapid bioavailability rate, as the drug is pre-dissolved, bypassing disintegration and dissolution (e.g., oral syrups absorbed in minutes). Controlled-release (A) delays release. Hard gelatin capsules (B) and tablets (C) require disintegration. Suspension (original E) is fast but slower than solutions. This immediacy maximizes absorption speed, ideal for acute conditions, though solutions may face stability or palatability challenges in formulation.
Question 2 of 5
Monomer units of proteins are known as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amino acids (C) are the monomer units of proteins, linked by peptide bonds (e.g., glycine in collagen), forming polypeptides via translation. Monosaccharides (A) build carbohydrates. Prosthetic groups (B) are non-protein enzyme parts. Purines (D) and nucleosides (original E) relate to nucleic acids. This biochemical foundation underpins protein drugs (e.g., insulin), where sequence dictates function, essential in pharmacology for therapeutic protein design and metabolism studies.
Question 3 of 5
N-oxidation will be involved with the metabolism of following drugs, except
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phenytoin (C) does not undergo N-oxidation; it's metabolized via CYP2C9 hydroxylation to HPPH, unlike dapsone (A), meperidine (B), and chlorpheniramine (D), which form N-oxides via flavin monooxygenases or CYP450. No original E. N-oxidation, a phase I reaction, adds oxygen to nitrogen, increasing polarity (e.g., meperidine to normeperidine), but phenytoin's aromatic ring hydroxylation differs, impacting its nonlinear kinetics and therapeutic monitoring, distinct in drug metabolism pathways.
Question 4 of 5
A patient receives long-term, high-dose therapy with a sulfonamide. After approximately 3 weeks of therapy, the patient has a low-grade fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. Which type of hypersensitivity accounts for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity (C) accounts for these symptoms after 3 weeks of sulfonamide therapy, a serum sickness-like reaction from immune complexes depositing in tissues, causing inflammation (fever, rash, arthralgia). Type I (A) is immediate (e.g., anaphylaxis). Type II (B) is cytotoxic. Type IV (D) is delayed, T-cell mediated. No original E. This delayed onset, common with prolonged drug exposure, requires discontinuation and sometimes steroids, highlighting immune complex pharmacology in adverse reactions.
Question 5 of 5
Precipitation may occur when mixing aqueous solutions of meperidine hydrochloride with which of the following solutions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Precipitation occurs with meperidine hydrochloride and sodium bicarbonate (A), as meperidine's protonated amine (acidic) reacts with bicarbonate's base, forming insoluble free base at pH > pKa (~8). Atropine sulfate (B) and sodium chloride (C) remain soluble. No option D or original E. This incompatibility, common with pH shifts, requires separate administration in IV therapy, ensuring drug stability and efficacy, a practical concern in clinical pharmacology.