The Radiopharmaceutical, which is an excellent choice for evaluating patients with renal insufficiency and urinary obstruction is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 99Tc-MAG3 excels in renal insufficiency and obstruction high extraction, shows function and drainage despite low GFR. DTPA relies on filtration less effective in insufficiency. DMSA assesses cortex, not obstruction static. EC is similar but less common MAG3 preferred. MAG3's dynamic imaging distinguishes it, key for compromised kidneys, unlike filtration or static options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) alters compliance measurement urine backflow reduces true bladder pressure readings, skewing accuracy. Radiation stiffens bladder lowers compliance, false reading. Obstruction raises pressure overestimates. Tuberculosis scars bladder reduces elasticity, inaccurate. VUR's effect distinguishes it, key to urodynamic pitfalls, unlike fibrosis or obstruction biases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) RCC is clear cell, tied to 3p loss (not 3q) angiogenic, incorrect region. Papillary RCC with c-Met activation true. Birt-Hogg-Dubé links to chromophobe, not clear cell mild error but accepted here. Leiomyomatosis with fumarate hydratase correct. VHL's 3p distinguishes the mistake, key to its genetics, unlike true associations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: LATITUDE trial/model targets metastatic prostate cancer high-risk castration-sensitive (e.g., ADT + abiraterone), not localized or locally advanced alone. Localized uses surgical/radiation models different scope. Locally advanced lacks metastasis LATITUDE unfit. Metastatic focus distinguishes it, key to its prognostic relevance, unlike non-metastatic stages.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: T3 in penile SCC includes corpus cavernosum invasion (past tunica albuginea) this case fits. T1 is lamina propria/subepithelial superficial. T2 is corpus spongiosum less deep. T4 involves adjacent structures (e.g., scrotum) not here. Cavernosal breach distinguishes T3, key to TNM depth, unlike shallower or external stages.