The Q angle is increased by which of the following?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Q angle is the angle between the line of pull of the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. Tight lateral retinaculum can pull the patella laterally, increasing the Q angle. Genu varum (A) and decreased femoral anteversion (B) would actually decrease the Q angle as they align the patella more centrally. Internal tibial torsion (C) might alter the patellar tracking but would not directly increase the Q angle. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because evidence-based practice (EBP) emphasizes the integration of best available evidence with clinician expertise and patient preferences. This approach ensures that clinical decisions are informed by the most current and relevant evidence, while also considering the individual needs and values of the patient. Choice A is incorrect because EBP does not rely solely on tradition but on empirical evidence. Choice B is incorrect as it oversimplifies EBP as just using best practice techniques without considering the broader context. Choice D is incorrect because patient preferences play a crucial role in EBP to provide patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because holistic health emphasizes the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit, viewing them as interdependent aspects of an individual's overall well-being. This approach recognizes that all three components must be in balance for optimal health. Choice A is incorrect because disease can also originate internally. Choice B is incorrect as humans are influenced by their environment. Choice C is incorrect as multiple healthcare professionals contribute to a patient's health state, not just nurses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Microwave diathermy is used to increase heat to muscles, joints, and tissues, aiding in pain relief, improving circulation, and promoting healing. Choice A is correct as it helps increase heat to muscles. Choice C is also correct as it helps increase heat to joints. Choice B is incorrect because microwave diathermy is not typically used for resolving hematomas, as other modalities like cold therapy are more effective. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it encompasses all the indications for microwave diathermy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Horner's syndrome. Anisocoria in Horner's syndrome is due to sympathetic nerve dysfunction, leading to a smaller pupil (miosis) in the affected eye. This occurs because of disruption in the sympathetic pathway, causing ptosis, anhidrosis, and miosis. Benign anisocoria (choice B) is a normal physiological variation in pupil size and does not involve pathologic causes. Differing light intensities for each eye (choice C) can cause temporary unequal pupil size but is not a pathologic cause. Eye prosthesis (choice D) is an artificial eye and not a cause of anisocoria.