The public health nurse is studying the proportion of the population in a certain county that had pneumonia during the winter months. Which epidemiological measure will the nurse use?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prevalence rate. Prevalence rate is used to measure the proportion of a population that has a specific condition at a particular point in time, making it suitable for studying the population that had pneumonia during the winter months. Attack rate (A) is used to measure the proportion of a specific population that develops a new case of a disease within a defined period, typically during an outbreak. Incidence rate (B) measures the rate at which new cases develop in a population over a specific period, which is different from prevalence rate as it focuses on new cases rather than existing cases. Risk ratio (D) compares the risk of developing a certain condition between two different groups, which is not suitable for studying the proportion of the population with pneumonia during the winter months.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lyme disease. The "bull's eye" rash is a characteristic symptom of Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted through tick bites. This rash typically appears as a red ring with a clear center, resembling a bull's eye. It is a key indicator of early-stage Lyme disease. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not present with a "bull's eye" rash as a characteristic symptom. Zika virus manifests with fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. West Nile virus causes fever, headache, body aches, and occasionally a rash. Dengue fever is characterized by high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because analytic epidemiology focuses on determining factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases or health outcomes in populations. In this case, the nurse is likely completing a research project on childhood obesity, which involves analyzing various factors contributing to its prevalence. A, reviewing communicable disease statistics, falls under descriptive epidemiology which involves summarizing and presenting data on disease patterns. C, analyzing locations where family violence is increasing, is more related to social epidemiology which focuses on the social determinants of health and disease distribution. D, documenting population characteristics for healthy older citizens, is more aligned with descriptive epidemiology as it involves describing the characteristics of a specific population group.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the question asks which community should receive funding first, implying prioritization. Without additional context, it is crucial to consider factors beyond just the number of single teenage pregnancies, such as the overall population size, existing resources, and other health indicators. Choices B, C, and D provide data on single teenage pregnancies but lack information on other relevant factors. Therefore, the nurse should suggest further evaluation and assessment of all communities before making a decision.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. Rationale: 1. Prevalence refers to the total number of existing cases of a disease within a population at a specific time. 2. By monitoring the prevalence of diabetes during screening events, nurses can assess the impact of their educational programs. 3. A decrease in prevalence indicates that the educational programs may be effective in reducing the number of diabetes cases. 4. Options A, B, and D do not directly measure the impact of the educational programs on diabetes prevalence, making them incorrect choices.