The public health conducts a study on the factors contributing to the high morality rate due to heart diseases in the municipality where she works. Which branch of epidemiology does the nurse practice in this situation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Analytical. In this situation, the nurse is conducting a study to analyze the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart diseases. Analytical epidemiology focuses on investigating the causes and risk factors associated with diseases, which aligns with the nurse's study. Descriptive epidemiology primarily involves summarizing the characteristics of a disease outbreak or health condition, not analyzing contributing factors. Therapeutic epidemiology focuses on treatment interventions, which is not the case here. Evaluation epidemiology involves assessing the effectiveness of health programs, not specifically studying the causes of a disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because person-to-person propagated epidemics typically involve a gradual build-up of cases before becoming easily noticeable. Initially, there may be only a few cases, but as the disease spreads from person to person, the number of cases increases over time, leading to a noticeable epidemic. This gradual increase allows for early detection and intervention. Choice A is incorrect because the number of cases being more than expected does not specifically relate to person-to-person propagation. Choice B is incorrect as person-to-person transmission does not necessarily involve a vector. Choice C is incorrect because a common vehicle refers to a single source of infection, not the spread between individuals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cyclical variation. This is because the pattern of Dengue fever cases increasing towards the end of the rainy season suggests a recurring cycle or pattern over time. Epidemic occurrence (A) refers to a sudden and widespread increase in cases, which is not supported by the gradual increase described. Sporadic occurrence (C) refers to isolated cases with no clear pattern, which contradicts the described seasonal increase. Secular occurrence (D) refers to long-term trends over decades, which is not applicable to the short-term seasonal pattern described. Thus, the best description is cyclical variation due to the predictable increase in cases towards the end of the rainy season.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (99.06:100). To calculate the sex ratio, we need to divide the number of males by the number of females, which gives us 35,299,000 / 34,968,000 = 1.0094. This ratio can be expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100, giving us 100.94%. Therefore, the sex ratio is 100.94 males for every 100 females, which can be simplified to 99.06:100. Summary: B: 100.94:100 - Incorrect, this is the correct ratio but in reverse order. C: 50.23% - Incorrect, this is not the sex ratio. D: 49.76% - Incorrect, this is not the sex ratio.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sensitivity. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate). In the context of sputum examination for pulmonary tuberculosis, a false negative result means the test failed to detect the disease in individuals who actually have it, indicating low sensitivity. Choices A, B, and C are not the correct answers because effectiveness refers to the overall impact of the test, efficacy refers to the ability to produce a desired effect under ideal conditions, and specificity refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate).