The psychosexual stage associated with sexuality is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Genital. In the context of psychosexual development proposed by Sigmund Freud, the genital stage occurs during adolescence and continues into adulthood. This stage is characterized by the focus on mature sexual interests and relationships. Individuals in this stage are able to form healthy, intimate relationships and exhibit balanced sexual behaviors. Option A) Oral refers to the first stage of psychosexual development where the primary focus is on oral activities like sucking and feeding. Option B) Anal represents the second stage, where the pleasure is derived from controlling and expelling feces. Option C) Phallic signifies the third stage, marked by the child's discovery of their own genitals and the Oedipus or Electra complex. Understanding the stages of psychosexual development is crucial for healthcare professionals like nurses, as it can provide insights into patients' behaviors, attitudes, and potential issues related to sexuality. By recognizing the characteristics of each stage, nurses can better assess, communicate, and provide care that is sensitive to individuals' developmental needs and challenges.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of nursing family-centered care, understanding how to assess motivation is crucial for providing effective patient care. The correct answer to the question, "The psychological test measure motivation is," is D) TAT (Thematic Apperception Test). The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective psychological test that involves showing individuals ambiguous pictures and asking them to create a story based on what they see. Through the stories created, healthcare providers can gain insights into the patient's motivations, emotions, and thought processes. In the nursing context, understanding a patient's motivation can help healthcare professionals tailor care plans to better meet their needs and support their overall well-being. Now, let's discuss why the other options are not the correct answers: A) Rorschach: The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test that involves showing individuals inkblots and asking them to describe what they see. While it can provide insights into a person's personality traits, it is not specifically designed to measure motivation. B) MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory): The MMPI is a psychological assessment tool used to evaluate personality traits and psychopathology, but it is not primarily focused on measuring motivation. C) WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale): The WAIS is a cognitive assessment tool used to measure intelligence and cognitive abilities, rather than motivation. In conclusion, understanding how to assess motivation, such as through the use of the TAT, is important in nursing family-centered care as it can enhance the quality of care provided to patients. By interpreting the patient's motivations, nurses can better support their emotional and psychological needs, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Concrete operational. In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the concrete operational stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 to 11 years. During this stage, children develop the ability to understand concrete concepts and engage in logical thinking. Perspective-taking is a key cognitive skill that emerges during the concrete operational stage. Children at this stage can consider another person's point of view, understand that others may have different thoughts or beliefs, and empathize with others. Option A) Sensorimotor is incorrect because this stage, according to Piaget, occurs from birth to about 2 years of age and is characterized by the development of object permanence and basic sensorimotor coordination. Option B) Preoperational is incorrect because this stage, typically occurring between 2 to 7 years, is characterized by egocentric thinking, animism, and the inability to perform mental operations such as perspective-taking. Option D) Formal operational is incorrect because this stage, which typically begins around age 11, is characterized by abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and the ability to think about possibilities. Perspective-taking is more fully developed in the concrete operational stage. Understanding the developmental stages of cognitive growth in children is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing practice. It helps nurses tailor their communication, education, and care plans to meet the child's cognitive abilities effectively. By recognizing where a child is developmentally, nurses can provide age-appropriate support and information, fostering better understanding and cooperation from the child and their family.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing family-centered care, understanding infant development milestones is crucial for providing comprehensive care. The correct answer to the question "In ----- recognizes familiar people at a distance" is option C) 3 months. At around 3 months of age, infants typically begin to demonstrate the ability to recognize familiar people at a distance. This milestone is part of their social and emotional development, as they start to form attachments and develop trust with caregivers and other familiar individuals. Recognizing familiar faces not only signifies cognitive development but also plays a significant role in bonding and building secure relationships. Options A) 1 month, B) 2 months, and D) 4 months are incorrect because at 1 month, infants are still in the early stages of visual development and are not yet able to recognize people at a distance. By 2 months, infants may start to show preferences for familiar faces but are not fully able to recognize them at a distance. At 4 months, infants continue to progress in their visual and social skills, but the ability to recognize familiar people at a distance typically emerges around the 3-month mark. Educationally, understanding these developmental milestones helps nurses and healthcare providers assess infants' progress, identify any potential delays or concerns, and offer appropriate support and interventions to promote healthy development. By recognizing the importance of social and emotional milestones like recognizing familiar faces, healthcare professionals can better support not only the infants but also their families in fostering positive relationships and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing and family-centered care, understanding the key contributors to different therapeutic approaches is crucial. In this case, the correct answer is C) Albert Ellis. Albert Ellis was a prominent psychologist known for developing Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which focuses on helping individuals identify and change irrational beliefs that contribute to emotional distress. This approach is highly relevant in nursing practice as it helps nurses support clients in managing their emotions and improving their overall well-being within a family-centered care framework. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Albert Einstein: While Albert Einstein was a renowned physicist known for his contributions to science, he is not associated with the field of psychology or therapeutic approaches like REBT. B) Joa Watson: There is no known psychologist or therapist by this name who has contributed to the approaches mentioned in the question. D) A.L. Erikson: This option combines elements of Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist, and Albert Ellis, but A.L. Erikson is not a recognized figure in the context of therapeutic approaches like REBT. Understanding the key figures and their contributions to therapeutic approaches helps nurses apply evidence-based interventions to support clients effectively. By recognizing Albert Ellis's work, nurses can incorporate REBT techniques into their practice to promote client-centered care and positive health outcomes for individuals and families.