ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The protein and phosphate buffer systems both contribute to buffering of the ICF.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The protein and phosphate buffer systems contribute to buffering of the intracellular fluid (ICF) by regulating pH levels. Proteins contain ionizable groups that can act as buffers by accepting or donating protons. Phosphate buffer system also helps maintain intracellular pH by converting H2PO4- to HPO4^2-, adjusting pH levels. These systems work together to prevent drastic changes in pH within cells. This makes choice A true. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide any explanation or reasoning related to the buffering capacity of the protein and phosphate buffer systems in the intracellular fluid.
Question 2 of 5
Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Basic phosphate is not secreted by kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ions. Instead, the kidney tubules primarily secrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions to maintain acid-base balance. Choice A is not applicable, and choices C and D are placeholders. In summary, basic phosphate is not involved in buffering hydrogen ions in the kidney tubules.
Question 3 of 5
Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In respiratory acidosis, there is an increase in carbon dioxide levels due to impaired gas exchange, leading to acidosis. To compensate for metabolic alkalosis, the body deliberately increases carbon dioxide levels through hypoventilation to help restore acid-base balance. This deliberate increase in carbon dioxide helps to lower pH and counteract the alkalosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis.
Question 4 of 5
The home health nurse cares for an alert and oriented older adult patient with a history of dehydration. Which instructions should the nurse give this patient related to fluid intake?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Increasing fluids when the mouth feels dry is a reliable indicator of dehydration. Thirst sensation may be blunted in older adults, so waiting until feeling thirsty (choice B) may be too late. Drinking more fluids in the late evening (choice A) may lead to nocturia and disrupt sleep. Feeling confused (choice D) is a late sign of dehydration and not a reliable indicator for increasing fluid intake.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who is lethargic and with deep, rapid respirations has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.32, PaO 88 mm Hg, PaCO 2 2
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Respiratory Acidosis. Rationale: 1. The low pH of 7.32 indicates acidosis. 2. The PaCO2 level of 88 mm Hg is high, indicating respiratory acidosis. 3. Deep, rapid respirations are a compensatory mechanism to try to decrease CO2 levels. 4. PaO2 level is not significantly low to suggest respiratory alkalosis. Summary: A: Incorrect. The low HCO3 level and high PaCO2 suggest respiratory acidosis, not base balance. B: Incorrect. While acidosis is present, it is respiratory, not metabolic. C: Incorrect. The ABG results do not support metabolic alkalosis.