The prostatic urethra is developed from:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prostatic urethra forms from vesicourethral canal (upper), mesonephric ducts (mid), and pelvic sinus (lower) all contribute. 'All' fits mixed origin, critical for male anatomy, contrasting with partial sources.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Micturition is urination bladder emptying (e.g., reflex/voluntary). Mastication is chewing oral. Deglutition is swallowing digestive. Defecation is fecal rectal. Micturition's specificity distinguishes it, critical for urinary terminology, unlike digestive or fecal processes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephrons filter ~180 L/day GFR ~125 mL/min × 1440 min (e.g., normal adult). 10 L underestimates far too low. 100 L is half insufficient. 200 L overestimates exceeds typical. 180 L distinguishes it, critical for renal workload, unlike under/overestimates.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Water output is exhaled air (lungs), sweat (skin), urine (kidneys), feces (intestines) e.g., ~1.8 L urine, 0.5 L sweat daily. Inhaled air gains water opposite. Including inhaled misdirects input not output. Excluding any (sweat, feces) omits key routes wrong. Four outputs distinguish it, critical for water loss, unlike input or partial lists.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hormones (aldosterone, ADH) control distal tubule salt/water reabsorption e.g., Na via ENaC, water via aquaporins. NaCl is reabsorbed not controller. Glucose is PCT not distal. Urea is medullary not regulatory. Hormonal regulation distinguishes it, key to fine-tuning, unlike substrates.