ATI RN
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs NCLEX Style Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The prostanoid that consistently constricts blood vessels is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregator, playing a key role in clot formation.
Question 2 of 5
A 42-year-old man is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He has tried diet and exercise without success. A second-generation sulfonylurea agent is prescribed. Which of the following is the most likely side effect he will experience?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Second-generation sulfonylureas (e.g., glimepiride, choice A) cause hypoglycemia by stimulating insulin release, a common side effect. Lactic acidosis (choice B) is Metformin-related, myositis (choice C) and pruritus (choice D) aren't typical. Hypoglycemia requires monitoring.
Question 3 of 5
Zolpidem is used as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Zolpidem is used primarily as a sedative and hypnotic drug for the short-term treatment of insomnia.
Question 4 of 5
A 72-year-old woman recently diagnosed with Alzheimer disease started pharmacotherapy with donepezil. Which of the following sets of adverse effects most likely occurred during the first days of treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The common side effects of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's disease, include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These adverse effects are often experienced in the initial days of treatment as the body adjusts to the medication.
Question 5 of 5
Several children are admitted for diagnosis with possible attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which is most important for the nurse to observe?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A boy with an inability to complete tasks. This is important because it is a key symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Observing this behavior can help confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate interventions. Explanation: 1. Inability to complete tasks is a common symptom of ADHD, indicating difficulties with focus and organization. 2. Lethargy (Choice A) is not a typical symptom of ADHD, which is characterized by hyperactivity and impulsivity. 3. Lack of impulsivity (Choice B) contradicts the typical presentation of impulsivity seen in ADHD. 4. Smooth coordination (Choice C) is not a primary symptom of ADHD and does not directly relate to the disorder's diagnosis. In summary, observing a boy with an inability to complete tasks is crucial for evaluating ADHD, as it aligns with the disorder's core symptoms, unlike the other choices.