The proper instructions to the family of a child with an avulsed permanent tooth include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Scrub the root of the tooth. This is incorrect because scrubbing the root of an avulsed tooth can damage the delicate cells on the root surface, reducing the chances of successful re-implantation. A) Rinse the tooth is correct because it helps to remove debris from the tooth without damaging it. B) Insert the clean tooth in the tooth socket is also correct as it is essential to re-implant the tooth as soon as possible to increase the chances of a successful outcome. D) Place the tooth in cold cow's milk is correct because it helps to preserve the tooth until it can be re-implanted. Educationally, it is crucial to teach families the proper steps to take in case of a dental emergency like an avulsed permanent tooth. Knowing the correct actions can make a significant difference in saving the tooth and preserving the child's dental health. By understanding these steps, families can act quickly and effectively in such situations, potentially preventing long-term dental issues for the child.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The MOST characteristic lesion of vitamin A deficiency is Bitot spots (Option C). Bitot spots are small, white, foamy patches that appear on the conjunctiva of the eye. This is a classic sign of vitamin A deficiency and is due to the abnormal keratinization of the conjunctival epithelium. Option A, xerophthalmia, is a general term that encompasses dry eye conditions related to vitamin A deficiency, which can include Bitot spots but is not as specific as the foamy patches seen in Bitot spots. Option B, corneal ulcers, are not a characteristic lesion of vitamin A deficiency. Corneal ulcers are typically caused by infections or trauma to the eye. Option D, keratomalacia, refers to softening of the cornea due to severe vitamin A deficiency. While keratomalacia can be a consequence of prolonged vitamin A deficiency, Bitot spots are a more specific and early sign of deficiency. Educational Context: Understanding the characteristic lesions associated with vitamin A deficiency is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric care. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to serious ocular complications and even blindness if not addressed promptly. By recognizing early signs like Bitot spots, healthcare providers can intervene with appropriate supplementation and dietary modifications to prevent further complications. This knowledge is vital for nurses, doctors, and other healthcare professionals working with children to ensure early detection and management of nutritional deficiencies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, thiamine deficiency can lead to a serious condition known as beriberi. In this context, death from thiamine deficiency is usually due to cardiac involvement, making option A the correct answer. Thiamine is essential for proper heart function, and without it, cardiac complications can arise, such as heart failure and arrhythmias. Option B, infections, is not directly related to thiamine deficiency but can be a consequence of weakened immune function resulting from prolonged deficiency. Option C, repeated lactic acidosis, is a metabolic consequence of thiamine deficiency but is not the primary cause of death. Option D, renal involvement, is not a common cause of death in thiamine deficiency compared to cardiac complications. Educationally, understanding the consequences of thiamine deficiency in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers caring for children with gastrointestinal disorders. Recognizing the importance of timely thiamine supplementation can prevent severe complications like cardiac issues and ultimately save lives. This knowledge is essential for safe and effective pediatric nursing care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) dermatitis. Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) and is characterized by the "3 Ds": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Dermatitis, specifically a photosensitive dermatitis, is a hallmark sign of pellagra, presenting as a scaly rash on areas exposed to sunlight. This skin manifestation is often one of the first symptoms to appear. Option B) diarrhea is another symptom of pellagra, but it is not the characteristic manifestation. Diarrhea usually occurs later in the progression of the disease. Option C) dementia is also a symptom of pellagra, but it typically occurs in the advanced stages of the disease and is not the characteristic manifestation. Option D) anorexia is a common symptom seen in various nutritional deficiencies but is not the characteristic manifestation of pellagra. Educational Context: Understanding the characteristic manifestations of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to recognize and manage these conditions effectively. Pellagra is a condition that can have serious consequences if not diagnosed and treated promptly. By identifying the key symptoms like dermatitis early on, healthcare professionals can intervene with appropriate nutritional support and prevent further complications. This question reinforces the importance of recognizing dermatitis as a key sign of pellagra, enabling healthcare providers to provide timely and effective care to pediatric patients with this condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) blindness. Cerebral folate deficiency is a neurological condition that primarily affects the brain. Clinical features of this condition include developmental delay, seizures, spasticity, and cognitive impairment. However, blindness is not a commonly associated feature of cerebral folate deficiency. Option B) microcephaly is a possible clinical feature of cerebral folate deficiency due to the impact on brain development and growth. Option C) ataxia is also a common feature, as it refers to difficulties with coordination and movement that can be seen in individuals with this condition. Option D) ballismus, which is characterized by involuntary flinging movements of the limbs, can also be present in cerebral folate deficiency due to the neurological involvement. Educationally, understanding the clinical features of cerebral folate deficiency is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly those working with pediatric patients. Recognizing these symptoms can aid in early diagnosis and appropriate management to improve patient outcomes. Remembering the atypical features, like blindness in this case, is also important to differentiate cerebral folate deficiency from other conditions with similar presentations.