ATI RN
EMT Vital Signs Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
The projections in the nasal cavity that increase the surface area are called the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Turbinates. Turbinates are bony projections in the nasal cavity that increase surface area for warming, humidifying, and filtering air. Meatus (A) refers to the openings in the nasal cavity, septum (B) is the cartilage dividing the nostrils, and Kiesselbach plexus (D) is a vascular area in the anterior nasal septum. These choices are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to the structures that increase surface area in the nasal cavity.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement about the apices of the lungs is true? The apices of the lungs:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (B): The apices of the lungs extend 3 to 4 cm above the inner third of the clavicles. This is because the lungs extend superiorly in the thoracic cavity, reaching above the clavicles at their highest points. This anatomical fact is essential to understand the complete lung anatomy. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Incorrect. The apices of the lungs are not at the level of the second rib anteriorly. They extend higher in the thoracic cavity. C: Incorrect. The apices of the lungs are not located at the sixth rib anteriorly and the eighth rib laterally. They are positioned higher in the thoracic cavity. D: Incorrect. The apices of the lungs do not rest on the diaphragm at the fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line. They extend above this point towards the clavicles.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is listening to the breath sounds of a patient with severe asthma. Air passing through narrowed bronchioles would produce which of these adventitious sounds?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wheezes. In severe asthma, narrowed bronchioles cause turbulent airflow, producing high-pitched wheezing sounds during expiration. These sounds are continuous, musical, and often heard without a stethoscope. Bronchial sounds (B) are normal breath sounds heard over the trachea, not indicative of asthma. Bronchophony (C) refers to increased vocal resonance and is not associated with bronchoconstriction. Whispered pectoriloquy (D) is a technique used to assess for consolidation in the lungs, not characteristic of asthma.
Question 4 of 5
During an examination of a 7-year-old girl, the nurse notices that the girl is showing breast budding. What should the nurse do next?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Answer B is correct because assessing the girl's weight and BMI is important to determine if early breast budding is related to precocious puberty, which can be influenced by weight. Option A is not appropriate as periods starting is not directly relevant to early breast development. Option C focuses on the mother's history, not the current girl's situation. Option D is incorrect as further evaluation is needed to rule out any underlying health issues.
Question 5 of 5
The direction of blood flow through the heart is best described by which of these?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately describes the path of blood flow through the heart. Blood enters the right atrium from the vena cava, then goes to the right ventricle, gets pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, returns to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary vein, enters the left atrium, and finally flows to the left ventricle for systemic circulation. The other choices have inaccuracies in the sequence of chambers and blood vessels through which the blood flows, making them incorrect. Choice A has the pulmonary artery leading to the left atrium, which is incorrect. Choice C has the aorta before entering the right atrium, which is also incorrect. Choice D has the pulmonary vein leading to the pulmonary artery, which is incorrect.