The process of ____________ helps communities prevent disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sanitation. Sanitation involves maintaining cleanliness and hygiene to prevent the spread of disease-causing germs in communities. By improving sanitation practices such as proper waste disposal, clean water supply, and personal hygiene, communities can effectively prevent the transmission of diseases. A: Sterilization is the process of eliminating all microorganisms, including beneficial ones, and is more focused on medical settings rather than community disease prevention. C: Asepsis refers to the absence of disease-causing microorganisms and is typically used in medical settings to prevent infections during procedures. D: Immunity is the body's ability to resist infections and diseases, which is not a process but a biological mechanism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM behavior disorder. This parasomnia involves talking and violent movements during REM sleep, often associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Somnambulism (A) is sleepwalking, not characterized by violent movements. Narcolepsy (B) involves excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, not violent movements. Restless leg syndrome (C) causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs, not related to violent movements during sleep. D is the correct answer due to its specific association with the symptoms described in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itching and rashes. Pediculosis is an infestation of lice that typically causes itching due to the lice feeding on blood and laying eggs on the scalp. Rashes may also develop from scratching the itchy areas. Choice B, acne and lesions, is incorrect because lice infestation does not typically cause acne-like lesions. Choice C, cuts and abrasions, is incorrect as lice infestation does not directly cause cuts or abrasions. Choice D, boils and abscesses, is incorrect because these are not common symptoms of pediculosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Dehydration leads to a decrease in blood volume, causing inadequate blood flow to the brain. Step 2: Inadequate blood flow to the brain can result in dizziness. Step 3: Hence, dizziness is a common sign of dehydration. Summary: A: Moist mucous membranes are not a sign of dehydration as dehydration causes dryness. B: An increase in urinary output is a sign of dehydration, not a symptom of dehydration. C: Slowed heartbeat is not a direct sign of dehydration and may occur in other conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal cramps and vomiting. Fecal impaction causes a blockage in the colon, leading to symptoms like abdominal cramps due to increased pressure and vomiting from the body's attempt to expel the blockage. Urgency and black stools (Choice A) are more indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding. Urination and flatus (Choice B) are not typically associated with fecal impaction. Bleeding and itching (Choice C) are more commonly seen in conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures.