The process of ____________ helps communities prevent disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sanitation is the correct answer as it involves promoting clean and hygienic conditions to prevent the spread of diseases. It includes practices like proper waste disposal, clean water supply, and personal hygiene. Sterilization (A) refers to killing all microorganisms, which is not always necessary for disease prevention. Asepsis (C) focuses on preventing infections in healthcare settings, not community-wide disease prevention. Immunity (D) refers to the body's ability to resist infections, which is different from community-wide disease prevention through sanitation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM behavior disorder. This disorder is characterized by talking and violent movements during REM sleep. It is often associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Somnambulism (A) is sleepwalking, not typically involving violent movements. Narcolepsy (B) is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, not violent movements. Restless leg syndrome (C) causes discomfort in the legs, not violent movements during sleep. Therefore, D is the correct answer based on the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itching and rashes. Pediculosis is a condition caused by infestation of lice. Lice bites can lead to itching and skin irritation, resulting in rashes. Other choices like B: Acne and lesions, C: Cuts and abrasions, and D: Boils and abscesses are not typically associated with pediculosis. Acne is caused by blocked hair follicles, cuts and abrasions are physical injuries, and boils and abscesses are usually caused by bacterial infections. Therefore, the symptoms of itching and rashes are the most characteristic of pediculosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D (Dizziness) is correct: 1. Dehydration leads to reduced blood volume, causing decreased blood flow to the brain. 2. This reduced blood flow can result in dizziness, lightheadedness, and even fainting. 3. Dizziness is a common symptom of dehydration due to impaired brain function. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Moist mucous membranes - Dehydration leads to dry mucous membranes, not moist. B: An increase in urinary output - Dehydration typically causes a decrease in urine output. C: Slowed heartbeat - Dehydration usually leads to an increased heart rate to compensate for reduced blood volume, not a slowed heartbeat.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal cramps and vomiting. Fecal impaction can cause abdominal cramps due to the blockage of the colon. Vomiting can occur as a result of the pressure and discomfort caused by the impaction. Urgency and black stools (A) are more indicative of lower gastrointestinal issues like bleeding or inflammation. Urination and flatus (B) are not typical signs of fecal impaction. Bleeding and itching (C) are more commonly associated with hemorrhoids or anal fissures, not fecal impaction.