ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
The process of breaking down food into simpler molecules is known as _____.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into simpler molecules through mechanical and chemical means in the digestive system. It involves the breakdown of complex nutrients into smaller components for absorption. Absorption (A) is the process of taking in nutrients into the bloodstream, not breaking down food. Ingestion (C) is the act of consuming food, not breaking it down. Secretion (D) is the release of enzymes and fluids involved in digestion, not the process of breaking down food itself.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who is to start receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Change the TPN tubing every 48 hr. This is essential to prevent bacterial growth and infection, maintaining the integrity of the TPN solution. Regular tubing changes reduce the risk of contamination and ensure patient safety. A: Using a 1.2 micron filter is not directly related to tubing changes and is not a primary concern for TPN administration. B: Allowing 18 hr for lipids to infuse is not a standard practice and does not address the need for tubing changes. C: Changing the TPN solution after 36 hr is not a standard guideline and may not be necessary unless specific factors indicate a need for a change.
Question 3 of 5
After abdominal surgery, your patient has a severe coughing episode that causes wound evisceration. In addition to calling the doctor, which intervention is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing. This intervention helps maintain a moist environment for wound healing and prevents further contamination. Irrigating with Betadine (A) can be harmful to tissues. Applying a dry sterile dressing (C) can lead to desiccation and delays healing. Pushing organs back (D) should only be done by a medical professional to avoid causing further harm.
Question 4 of 5
Stimulation of the parasympathetic neurons in the GI tract from Auerbach's or myenteric plexus will cause
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stimulation of parasympathetic neurons in the GI tract from Auerbach's or myenteric plexus leads to the release of acetylcholine, which enhances GI motility and peristalsis. This is because acetylcholine acts on smooth muscle and stimulates contractions, promoting movement of food through the GI tract. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A: Inhibition of local secretions is incorrect as parasympathetic stimulation usually enhances glandular secretions in the GI tract. B: Inhibition of peristalsis is incorrect because parasympathetic stimulation typically increases peristalsis. C: Stimulation of local secretions is incorrect as parasympathetic stimulation usually promotes secretion but does not inhibit it.
Question 5 of 5
Chewing or mastication reflex originates in the ______ and the ability to initiate or stop chewing originates in the ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The chewing reflex originates in the medulla oblongata, which controls basic life functions like breathing and swallowing. The ability to voluntarily initiate or stop chewing comes from the cerebrum, the part of the brain responsible for conscious thoughts and movements. The pons (choice A) is involved in regulating breathing, not chewing. The spinal cord (choice C) is responsible for reflex actions but not specifically chewing. The midbrain (choice D) is more related to sensory processing and motor function, not chewing reflex. Therefore, the correct answer is B based on the roles of the medulla oblongata and cerebrum in chewing.