ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Pre-Assessment Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
The process by which a gas is released in a certain substance when added with water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term "effervescent" refers to the process of a gas being released from a substance when added to water. This is commonly observed when certain tablets or powders are added to water, resulting in the production of bubbles or fizz. Mucilage refers to a thick, sticky substance, while spirits typically refer to alcoholic beverages. Collyria are eye drops, and collodion is a solution used in photography and medicine. Therefore, the correct term for the described process is "effervescent."
Question 2 of 5
A patient is scheduled to receive high-dose cyclophosphamide via an intravenous infusion as treatment for cancer. Which will be most important for the nurse to include when teaching the patient about cyclophosphamide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, a serious side effect resulting from the irritation of the bladder lining by its metabolites. To prevent this, patients must maintain high fluid intake (at least 2 liters per day) to dilute the urine and flush out the bladder. While emptying the bladder regularly is important, it is secondary to ensuring adequate hydration. Limiting fluid intake is contraindicated, as it increases the risk of bladder toxicity. An indwelling urinary catheter is not routinely required unless the patient has urinary retention.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse receives a stat order to administer 50% dextrose solution intravenously to a 1-year-old child with hypoglycemia. How should this drug best be prepared for safe administration to the child?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering 50% dextrose solution directly to a 1-year-old child is unsafe due to the risk of hyperosmolar injury to veins and tissues. Diluting it 1:1 with sterile water reduces the concentration to 25%, making it safer for pediatric administration. Using a filter needle (A) or tuberculin syringe (B) is not necessary for this preparation. Shaking the solution (D) is inappropriate and could introduce air bubbles.
Question 4 of 5
For the patient receiving periodic morphine via intravenous push, which of the following findings would be of utmost concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid analgesic that can cause respiratory depression as a serious side effect. Decreased respirations are a critical finding because they indicate that the patient may not be receiving adequate oxygenation, which can lead to hypoxia, brain damage, or even death. Increased temperature, decreased bowel sounds, and increased red blood cell count are less concerning in this context. Nurses must monitor respiratory rates closely in patients receiving morphine and be prepared to intervene with naloxone if respiratory depression occurs.
Question 5 of 5
A 13-month-old child recently arrived in the United States from a foreign country with his parents and needs childhood immunizations. His mother reports that he is allergic to eggs. Upon further questioning, you determine that the allergy to eggs is anaphylaxis. Which of the following vaccines should he not receive?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The MMR vaccine is cultured in chick embryo fibroblasts and may contain trace amounts of egg protein, posing a risk to individuals with severe egg allergies. Hepatitis B, inactivated polio, and DTaP vaccines do not contain egg proteins and are safe for this child. Precautions should be taken, and the vaccine should be administered under medical supervision if absolutely necessary.