Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The PRIORITY nursing action of the nurse for Jose due for oxygen therapy is to turn on the oxygen. Ensuring that the oxygen is turned on is the necessary first step before any other actions can be effective in delivering oxygen to the patient. Without oxygen being turned on, all other steps such as attaching the humidifier, connecting tubing, or adjusting the flow rate would be ineffective in providing the necessary oxygen therapy to the patient. Therefore, turning on the oxygen is the most crucial initial step to take in this situation to ensure that the patient receives the needed oxygen promptly and safely.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the production of several clotting factors in the liver, including factors II, VII, IX, and X. In a patient with chronic liver disease, impaired liver function can lead to decreased synthesis of these clotting factors. As a result, there is an underlying deficiency of these clotting factors, leading to prolonged PT (prothrombin time) and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time). The mixing studies showing correction with normal plasma further support the diagnosis of a factor deficiency rather than an inhibitor, which helps in ruling out conditions like DIC or hemophilia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a woman in active labor is experiencing intense pain and requests non-pharmacological pain relief measures, the nurse should prioritize providing continuous labor support. Continuous labor support, also known as a doula or labor companion, has been shown to be effective in reducing the perception of pain and improving labor outcomes. The presence of a supportive person can provide physical, emotional, and informational support, helping the woman cope with the pain and navigate through the labor process. This intervention can enhance the woman's overall experience of labor and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes without the need for pharmacological interventions. Administering opioids, performing epidural analgesia, or initiating nitrous oxide inhalation are pharmacological pain relief measures and may not align with the woman's preference for non-pharmacological options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The presentation of a patient with diabetes mellitus showing symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, and fatigue along with laboratory findings of hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria is indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a serious complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. The increased glucose levels lead to glycosuria, causing osmotic diuresis resulting in polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia. The body starts breaking down fats for energy in the absence of sufficient insulin, leading to the production of ketones causing ketonuria. The patient may also experience fatigue due to the metabolic abnormalities present in DKA.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite often found in contaminated water sources. This parasite is known to cause watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea in infected individuals. The presence of oocysts in the stool sample is characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection. Other parasitic infections may present with similar symptoms, but in this case, the most likely culprit based on the exposure history and laboratory findings is Cryptosporidium parvum.