The PRIORITY action to take when nursing a neonate on phototherapy is to

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the neonate’s vital signs every 2-4 hourly. This is the priority action because neonates undergoing phototherapy are at risk for dehydration and temperature instability. Monitoring vital signs regularly helps to detect any signs of dehydration, such as decreased urine output or increased heart rate, and ensures timely intervention. Explanation for other choices: A: Turning the neonate every six hours routinely is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not the priority when compared to monitoring vital signs for potential complications. B: Encouraging the mother to discontinue breastfeeding is incorrect as breastmilk provides essential nutrients and hydration, which are important for neonates, even during phototherapy. C: Notifying the physician if the skin turns bronze-colored is important to address a potential adverse reaction to phototherapy but does not take precedence over monitoring vital signs for immediate concerns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Non-infective mastitis is associated with adenitis because it refers to inflammation of breast tissue without an infection. Adenitis specifically involves inflammation of the lymph nodes, which can be a common cause of non-infective mastitis. Cellulitis (A) is an infection of the skin and tissues beneath the skin, not specific to mastitis. Flat (B) and bifid (C) nipples are anatomical variations that do not directly relate to the inflammation of breast tissue.

Correct Answer: T

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Puerperal psychosis is a severe mental health condition occurring postpartum. 2. Psychosocial adversities, such as stress or lack of social support, can trigger or exacerbate mental health issues. 3. Therefore, psychosocial adversities can be predisposing factors for puerperal psychosis. 4. Option A (TRUE) is correct as it aligns with the established relationship between psychosocial factors and mental health. Summary: Option A is correct because psychosocial adversities can indeed contribute to the development of puerperal psychosis, making it a relevant predisposing factor. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide any rationale or evidence to support their validity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Grunting on expiration. In respiratory distress syndrome, the infant may exhibit grunting on expiration due to the difficulty in maintaining lung inflation during exhalation. This is a compensatory mechanism to increase functional residual capacity. Grunting on inspiration (choice A) may be seen in other respiratory conditions. Flaring of the nostrils (choice C) is a sign of increased work of breathing but is not specific to respiratory distress syndrome. Neonatal tachycardia (choice D) can be a nonspecific sign of distress and is not a specific feature of respiratory distress syndrome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because exchange transfusion aims to control hemolysis by removing the damaged red blood cells and replacing them with healthy ones, thus restoring hemoglobin levels. This procedure does not cure haemolysis or hypoxia entirely, nor does it stabilize the immune system or liver functions. It specifically targets controlling hemolysis and restoring hemoglobin levels to improve the patient's condition.