The primiparous patient that's 40 weeks' gestation reports to the nurse that she has increased pelvic pressure and increased urinary frequency. Which response by the nurse is best?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best response by the nurse is to reassure the primiparous patient that her increased pelvic pressure and urinary frequency could mean that the baby's head has descended further into the pelvis. This can indicate that labor is approaching, as the baby is getting into position for birth. It is important for the nurse to provide this information to ease the patient's concerns and help her understand the potential significance of these symptoms at 40 weeks' gestation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Immediately after birth, as the newborn takes its first breaths and transitions to breathing air, there is a rapid increase in oxygen levels in the blood. This sudden increase in oxygen causes the pulmonary vessels in the newborn's lungs to dilate. This dilation helps improve blood flow through the lungs, allowing for efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The dilation of pulmonary vessels is a normal physiologic response to the changing environment in the newborn's body after birth.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of maternal and newborn nursing, understanding the leading cause of death in individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) is crucial for providing comprehensive care. The correct answer is A) breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is a significant cause of mortality among AFAB individuals. This knowledge is essential for early detection, prevention, and providing appropriate support to patients. Option B) lung cancer is a significant cause of death in both men and women but is not the leading cause of death specifically in AFAB individuals. Option C) cervical cancer primarily affects the cervix in women and is preventable through regular screenings and vaccination against HPV. Option D) ovarian cancer is also a serious concern, but it is not the leading cause of death in AFAB individuals. Educationally, understanding the prevalence and risks associated with different types of cancers in AFAB individuals allows healthcare providers to tailor their screening, prevention, and treatment strategies effectively. It emphasizes the importance of promoting health literacy, regular screenings, lifestyle modifications, and early intervention to improve outcomes and reduce mortality rates related to cancer in this population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In maternal and newborn nursing, discussing a patient's sexual history is a crucial aspect of holistic care. The correct answer, option B, emphasizes the importance of approaching this topic with sensitivity to ensure patients feel comfortable and supported during the assessment. Creating a nonjudgmental and confidential environment is essential because it fosters trust between the nurse and the patient. Option A, increasing patient satisfaction, is not the primary reason for approaching sexual history sensitively; rather, it is a byproduct of providing patient-centered care. Option C, promoting healthy sexual behaviors, may be a goal but is not the primary reason for the approach. Option D, complying with regulations, is important but not the main reason for sensitivity and confidentiality. Educationally, nurses must understand that discussing sexual history can be sensitive and private for patients. By creating a safe space, nurses can gather important information to provide appropriate care while respecting the patient's dignity and autonomy. This approach strengthens the nurse-patient relationship and enhances the overall quality of care provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of caring for a person who is blind, option C, which suggests introducing oneself with name and credentials upon entering the room, is the most appropriate intervention to deliver culturally responsive care. By verbally introducing oneself, the nurse provides crucial information to the blind person, establishing trust and facilitating communication. This action respects the person's autonomy and dignity by ensuring they are aware of who is present and engaging with them. Option A, asking family members to leave the room, could be inappropriate as the blind person may rely on their family for support and information. It is important to involve family members in the care process unless the person specifically requests privacy. Option B, being aware of how the person is addressed, is a good practice but may not directly address the immediate need for communication and trust-building. Option D, leaving educational material in Braille across the room, is not effective as the blind person may not be able to access or read the material independently. Educationally, this scenario highlights the significance of effective communication strategies and cultural sensitivity in nursing practice. Understanding the unique needs of individuals with disabilities and implementing person-centered care approaches are essential aspects of providing quality healthcare. By choosing option C, the nurse demonstrates respect, inclusivity, and a commitment to meeting the specific needs of the blind person in a culturally responsive manner.