ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Pre-Assessment Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 4
The primary beneficial action of epinephrine when performing root end surgery is which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine primarily acts on beta1 adrenergic receptors in the alveolar mucosa during root end surgery. This results in vasoconstriction, which reduces bleeding in the surgical field by constricting blood vessels. With decreased bleeding, the surgical site becomes clearer, allowing for better visualization and manipulation during the procedure. Additionally, epinephrine may also prolong the duration of anesthesia by reducing systemic uptake of the local anesthetic solution, thus enhancing its effect locally.
Question 2 of 4
The nurse receives a stat order to administer 50% dextrose solution intravenously to a 1-year-old child with hypoglycemia. How should this drug best be prepared for safe administration to the child?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering 50% dextrose solution directly to a 1-year-old child is unsafe due to the risk of hyperosmolar injury to veins and tissues. Diluting it 1:1 with sterile water reduces the concentration to 25%, making it safer for pediatric administration. Using a filter needle (A) or tuberculin syringe (B) is not necessary for this preparation. Shaking the solution (D) is inappropriate and could introduce air bubbles.
Question 3 of 4
For the patient receiving periodic morphine via intravenous push, which of the following findings would be of utmost concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid analgesic that can cause respiratory depression as a serious side effect. Decreased respirations are a critical finding because they indicate that the patient may not be receiving adequate oxygenation, which can lead to hypoxia, brain damage, or even death. Increased temperature, decreased bowel sounds, and increased red blood cell count are less concerning in this context. Nurses must monitor respiratory rates closely in patients receiving morphine and be prepared to intervene with naloxone if respiratory depression occurs.
Question 4 of 4
A 13-month-old child recently arrived in the United States from a foreign country with his parents and needs childhood immunizations. His mother reports that he is allergic to eggs. Upon further questioning, you determine that the allergy to eggs is anaphylaxis. Which of the following vaccines should he not receive?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The MMR vaccine is cultured in chick embryo fibroblasts and may contain trace amounts of egg protein, posing a risk to individuals with severe egg allergies. Hepatitis B, inactivated polio, and DTaP vaccines do not contain egg proteins and are safe for this child. Precautions should be taken, and the vaccine should be administered under medical supervision if absolutely necessary.