The presenting diameter in brow presentation is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presenting diameter in brow presentation is Submentobregmatic (choice A) because it refers to the distance from the submentum (chin) to the bregma (anterior fontanelle). This is the appropriate measurement for the brow presentation as the brow is the prominent part between the forehead and the chin. Choice B (Suboccipitofrontal) is incorrect because it refers to the distance from the subocciput to the frontal bone, which is not relevant to brow presentation. Choice C (Occipitalfrontal) is incorrect because it describes the distance from the occiput to the frontal bone, which again is not specific to brow presentation. Choice D (Mentovertical) is incorrect as it denotes the distance from the chin to the vertex, which is not the relevant measurement for brow presentation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. In mild preeclampsia, the mother may have symptoms such as mild hypertension, proteinuria, and swelling. This contradicts the statement that the mother has no complaints. Choice A is incorrect because it inaccurately states that the mother has no complaints. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information to address the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presenting diameter in brow presentation is the submentobregmatic diameter. This is because in brow presentation, the fetal head is partially extended, causing the forehead (bregma) to be the presenting part. The submentobregmatic diameter is the distance between the chin (mentum) and the highest point of the forehead (bregma). This diameter is crucial for successful delivery in brow presentation as it is the smallest diameter that must pass through the maternal pelvis. Summary of other choices: B: Suboccipitofrontal - This diameter is not relevant in brow presentation as it involves the back of the head. C: Occipitalfrontal - This diameter is the distance between the back of the head and the forehead, also not relevant in brow presentation. D: Mentovertical - This diameter is the distance between the chin and the vertex of the head, not the forehead.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because cord presentation occurs when the umbilical cord lies in front of the presenting part after the membranes have ruptured. This can lead to compression of the cord during labor, affecting fetal oxygenation. Option B is incorrect as it describes cord prolapse, where the cord lies in front of the presenting part before membrane rupture. Option C describes nuchal cord, where the cord is wrapped around the fetal neck. Option D describes cord abruption, where the cord detaches prematurely from the placenta.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 4 hours. This is based on the definition of prolonged second stage in nulliparous women, which is labor lasting more than 4 hours. This duration is considered abnormal and may lead to increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. Choice A (1 hour) is too short and does not meet the criteria for prolonged second stage. Choice B (2 hours) is also insufficient based on the established timeframe. Choice D (8 hours) exceeds the duration for prolonged second stage, indicating a more advanced stage of labor. Therefore, the most appropriate and accurate timeframe for prolonged second stage in nulliparous women is 4 hours.