The presence of theta waves in an adult is an indication of:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Theta waves (4-8 Hz) in adults while awake often indicate brain dysfunction or damage, common in pathological states. They occur normally in children or during light sleep/dreaming, but not typically in healthy awake adults.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The superior colliculi (in the midbrain) process visual reflexes (e.g., eye movements). Trauma here affects vision, not speech (frontal lobe), audition (inferior colliculi), coordination (cerebellum), or pain (thalamus).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A neuron consists of three main parts: the axon (A), which transmits signals away from the cell body; the cell body (B), which contains the nucleus and maintains the neuron; and dendrites (C), which receive signals. Since all listed options are parts of a neuron, 'all of the above' (D) is correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Medullary postural reflexes are controlled by the medulla oblongata and include the positive supporting reaction (A), which maintains stance against gravity. The placing reaction (B) is a midbrain reflex, the tonic neck reflex (C) involves medullary and spinal integration but is not exclusively medullary, and the stretch reflex (D) is a spinal reflex, not primarily medullary.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Optic nerve lesions cause unilateral blindness (not homonymous hemianopia, ruling out A), optic chiasm lesions cause bitemporal hemianopia (not unilateral blindness, ruling out B). Visual evoked potentials (C) test the visual pathway’s integrity, while D is vague and incomplete. C is correct.