The presence of ADH will cause

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: ADH decreases urine production inserts aquaporins, reabsorbs water (e.g., concentrated urine). Increased production opposes diuresis. No change ignores ADH false. Dilute misaligns ADH concentrates. Reduced output distinguishes it, critical for osmoregulation, unlike diuresis or neutral effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urochrome is urine's yellow pigment bilirubin breakdown (e.g., normal color). Hemoglobin is blood abnormal in urine. Urea is waste colorless. Uroglobin isn't a term false. Urochrome's pigment role distinguishes it, critical for urine appearance, unlike blood, waste, or nonexistent options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Osmosis moves water not ions into interstitium, diluting osmolality (e.g., passive water flow). Active ion transport (ascending Loop) increases osmolality true. Urea diffusion from ducts adds solutes correct. Na /Cl⁻ transport boosts gradient valid. Osmosis's dilution distinguishes it, key to countercurrent dynamics, unlike solute-adding mechanisms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: No ADH makes distal tubules/collecting ducts impermeable to water e.g., no aquaporins, dilute urine. H sensitivity is pH not ADH-related. K /Na swap in PCT is false Na dominant. Hypothalamus/Oâ‚‚ is respiratory unrelated. Impermeability distinguishes it, critical for diuresis, unlike sensitivity or swap errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na reabsorption e.g., distal tubule ENaC, raises BP. It's adrenal not JGA (renin triggers). K is secreted not reabsorbed. H secretion is separate pH effect indirect. Na reabsorption distinguishes it, key to volume control, unlike origin or ion errors.