The predominant cause of low-birthweight births in America is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Prematurity. Prematurity, defined as a birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of low-birthweight births in America. Infants born prematurely are at a higher risk of health complications due to their underdeveloped organ systems. These babies may experience issues with breathing, feeding, and maintaining their body temperature. Option A) Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a condition where a baby doesn't grow well in the womb, leading to low birth weight, but it is not the predominant cause of low-birthweight births in America. Option C) Multiple gestations, or twins/triplets, can result in low-birthweight babies due to the shared resources in the womb. However, prematurity is still the primary cause of low birth weight in America. Option D) Uterine bleeding, while a concern during pregnancy, is not directly linked to low-birthweight births as prematurity is. In an educational context, understanding the causes of low birth weight is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care for these vulnerable infants. By recognizing prematurity as the primary cause, nurses can focus on interventions to support these babies and their families effectively. Educating expectant mothers on the importance of prenatal care and healthy lifestyle choices to prevent premature births is also a key role for pediatric nurses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate therapy for the infant presenting with edema, rash, and alopecia post-extensive intestinal resection for necrotizing enterocolitis is option D: Administer zinc. Zinc deficiency is common in pediatric patients with malabsorption issues like short bowel syndrome post-intestinal resection. Zinc plays a crucial role in immune function, wound healing, and skin integrity. The symptoms described (edema, rash, alopecia) are consistent with zinc deficiency. Administering zinc supplementation can help alleviate these symptoms and support the infant's overall health and development. Option A (Administer salt-poor albumin) is incorrect because the symptoms presented are not indicative of a need for albumin administration. Option B (Increase the protein content in the hyperalimentation solution) is incorrect because the symptoms are not due to protein deficiency but rather a specific micronutrient deficiency. Option C (Administer recombinant alkaline phosphatase) is incorrect as it does not address the symptoms associated with zinc deficiency in this case. In an educational context, understanding the specific nutritional requirements of pediatric patients post-intestinal resection is crucial for providing optimal care. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the clinical manifestations of nutrient deficiencies and tailoring treatment strategies accordingly to promote the best outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding stereotypic movements is crucial for assessing and providing care for children. Stereotypic movements are repetitive, seemingly purposeless behaviors that may indicate underlying neurological or developmental conditions. In this question, the correct answer is A) Hand shaking. Hand shaking is not typically recognized as a stereotypic movement in the context of pediatric nursing. Eye blinking, head banging, and self-biting are commonly known stereotypic movements observed in children with various developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, or intellectual disabilities. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to differentiate between stereotypic movements to accurately assess and intervene for their pediatric patients. Understanding the nuances of these movements can help identify underlying conditions, tailor care plans, and advocate for appropriate interventions. It also enables nurses to educate families about these behaviors and provide support and resources for managing them effectively. Being able to discern between different types of stereotypic movements enhances the quality of care provided to children with complex needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the behavior of children, including lying, is crucial for providing appropriate care. The correct answer, B) It indicates a potential for future lying behavior, is true because frequent lying in a 3-year-old may not necessarily predict future lying tendencies. At this age, children are still developing a sense of reality and fantasy, and their imaginative play may involve storytelling that is not intended to deceive. Option A) It is a method of playing with language, is incorrect because while children may use language creatively in play, lying typically involves intentionally deceiving others, which is not the primary goal of a 3-year-old's behavior. Option C) It is a part of magical thinking, is incorrect as well. Magical thinking in children involves believing in fantasy or supernatural events, not necessarily intentional deception through lying. Option D) It is an approach to avoid unwanted confrontation with adults, is also incorrect because at age 3, children may not have developed the cognitive skills to strategize lying as a means to avoid confrontation. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare providers to understand the developmental stages of children to interpret their behaviors accurately. By recognizing that frequent lying in a young child is often linked to their cognitive and imaginative development rather than a precursor to future dishonesty, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate guidance and support to both the child and their caregivers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, evaluating a symptomatic toddler for autistic spectrum disorders requires a comprehensive assessment. The correct answer, option D) Woods lamp, should not be included in this evaluation. A Woods lamp is used to assess skin conditions like fungal infections or pigment changes, which are not directly related to the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Option A) Physical examination is crucial to assess the overall health of the child and rule out any physical abnormalities that could be causing symptoms resembling autism. Option B) Hearing tests are important to evaluate the child's auditory processing, as hearing difficulties can sometimes present similarly to autism symptoms. Option C) Brain CT is not typically used as a routine diagnostic tool for autism spectrum disorders. Diagnosing autism involves behavioral observations, developmental history, and standardized assessments rather than neuroimaging studies like CT scans. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind selecting appropriate diagnostic tests is essential for providing quality care to pediatric patients. By knowing which tests are relevant and which are not, nurses can ensure accurate assessments and timely interventions for children with developmental concerns.