The postnatal nurse is providing care for a neonate being treated with phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. For which side effects of phototherapy will the nurse contact the neonatal care provider? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperthermia. During phototherapy, neonates are at risk for developing hyperthermia due to the heat generated by the lights. The nurse should contact the provider if the neonate shows signs of hyperthermia to prevent complications. B: Lethargy is not a direct side effect of phototherapy but can be a result of other factors such as inadequate feeding or underlying medical conditions. C: Hypocalcemia is not a common side effect of phototherapy. It is more often associated with other conditions or treatments. D: Thrombocytopenia is not a typical side effect of phototherapy. It refers to low platelet levels and is usually not directly related to phototherapy treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply the diaper loosely to infant, allowing for better air circulation. This is the best intervention for acute diaper rash as it helps reduce moisture and promotes healing. Tight diapers trap moisture, worsening the rash. Choice B is incorrect as changing every 2-3 hours is recommended to maintain a dry environment. Choice C is incorrect as antibacterial soap can be harsh and disrupt the skin's natural flora. Choice D is incorrect as wiping off diaper cream thoroughly can irritate the skin further.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Breast milk jaundice is a common cause of jaundice in newborns due to a substance in breast milk that can increase bilirubin levels. Step 2: Switching to formula temporarily can help resolve the issue as formula-fed babies have lower incidences of jaundice. Step 3: This is supported by medical guidelines recommending temporary cessation of breastfeeding in cases of severe jaundice. Summary: A: Blood type compatibility does not directly cause jaundice in newborns. C: Bilirubin levels need to be monitored and managed in newborns with jaundice to prevent brain damage. D: Maintaining a specific temperature is not the primary method of managing jaundice in newborns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Round occiput. In Down syndrome, individuals often exhibit a round-shaped head at the back (occiput) due to the abnormal growth patterns of the skull bones. This characteristic is a common physical feature seen in individuals with Down syndrome. A: Low-set ears - While low-set ears can be a feature in some cases of Down syndrome, it is not a defining characteristic and not always present. B: Broad nasal bridge - Broad nasal bridge is a common feature in Down syndrome, but it is not specific enough to be a defining characteristic. D: Small tongue - While individuals with Down syndrome may have slightly smaller tongues compared to the general population, it is not a prominent characteristic and not typically used for diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory distress syndrome. At 35 + 3 weeks gestational age, the newborn's lungs may not be fully developed, leading to respiratory distress. This condition is common in premature babies due to surfactant deficiency, resulting in difficulty breathing. Hyperglycemia, infection, and altered nutrition are less likely in this scenario as they are not typically associated with prematurity at this gestational age. Respiratory distress is the most common concern in premature infants and requires prompt medical intervention to support breathing and lung function.