ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH, made by the hypothalamus, for labor/fluid balance. Anterior pituitary produces GH, TSH, prolactin, FSH; adrenals make glucocorticoids/androgens. Oxytocin-ADH storage distinguishes its role, key to neurohypophyseal function, contrasting with synthesis sites.
Question 2 of 5
a deficiency of parathyroid hormone is likely to lead to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) reduces blood calcium by decreasing bone resorption and kidney reabsorption, leading to neuromuscular hyperexcitability tetany, cramps due to low Ca²⺠destabilizing nerve membranes. PO₄ rises, not falls, as PTH normally increases its excretion. Kidney stones occur with high calcium (hyperparathyroidism), not low. It's not self-limiting chronic without treatment (e.g., calcium supplements). Hyperexcitability reflects calcium's role in nerve stability, distinguishing it as PTH's key deficit effect, critical for neuromuscular function, unlike phosphate, stones, or transient illness.
Question 3 of 5
ADH secretion is increased by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin II stimulates ADH (vasopressin) release from the posterior pituitary, enhancing water retention to raise blood volume in hypovolemia. Alcohol inhibits ADH, causing diuresis. Carbamazepine can increase ADH (SIADH risk), but isn't primary. High ECF volume suppresses ADH via stretch receptors. Angiotensin II's role distinguishes it, key to RAAS-ADH synergy, unlike inhibitory or secondary triggers.
Question 4 of 5
With respect to insulin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: GLUT2 in β-cells allows glucose entry, triggering insulin release via metabolism and Ca²⺠high capacity, low affinity fits pancreas. Insulin inhibits ketogenesis, not increases release. It's from β-cells, not A (alpha, glucagon). cAMP (e.g., glucagon) doesn't drive insulin glucose metabolism does. GLUT2's role distinguishes it, critical for insulin secretion, unlike ketone, cell, or signaling errors.
Question 5 of 5
actions of glucocorticoids include all of the following except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) promote gluconeogenesis, support myocardial contractility (via catecholamine sensitivity), and inhibit glucose uptake (insulin resistance), but don't decrease vascular resistance they maintain or increase it via permissive effects on angiotensin II/vasopressors. Decreased resistance aligns with ANP/vasodilators, not cortisol. Vascular support distinguishes glucocorticoid action, critical for stress response, unlike metabolic or cardiac roles.