ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Book Questions
Question 1 of 5
The plasma clearance of a drug:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Plasma clearance reflects the volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time, combining renal and hepatic elimination pathways.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following drugs is more likely to cause hyperkalaemia than hypokalaemia in a patient with diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within the 'normal' reference range?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia involves elevated potassium, hypokalemia reduced levels. Amphotericin causes hypokalemia via renal potassium wasting, not hyperkalemia. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, promotes potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) rarely affects potassium directly with normal eGFR. Salmeterol, a beta-agonist, can shift potassium intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Insulin, in diabetes management, drives potassium into cells with glucose, potentially causing hyperkalemia if renal excretion is impaired, though less common with normal eGFR. However, its potassium-shifting effect makes hyperkalemia more likely than hypokalemia compared to others, especially in acute settings, a key consideration in diabetic care.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse teaches the client about the difference between oral and nasal decongestants. The nurse evaluates that learning has been effective when the client makes which statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine) act systemically, raising blood pressure via vasoconstriction, a key difference from nasal decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline), which act locally but risk rebound congestion. The statement 'Oral decongestants can cause hypertension' shows the client grasps this systemic effect, indicating effective teaching. Nasal decongestants aren't safe for a month ; they cause rebound after 3-5 days. Only nasal decongestants typically cause rebound , not oral. Oral efficacy varies, not inherently superior. Choice A reflects accurate understanding of oral decongestants' broader impact, critical for safe use, making it the best learning indicator.
Question 4 of 5
How would you teach a patient how to prep an inhaler?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teaching a patient how to prepare an inhaler is an important step in proper medication administration. Shaking the inhaler for about 5 seconds before use helps to ensure that the medication is properly mixed and dispersed. This is especially important for metered-dose inhalers where the medication is dispersed as a fine spray. Priming the inhaler by shaking it helps ensure that the patient receives the correct dose of medication with each use.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been ordered the powdered form of the bile acid sequestrant colestipol. Which of the following does the nurse identify as true?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct statement is that the colestipol should be administered 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after any other oral medication. Bile acid sequestrants like colestipol can bind to other medications, reducing their absorption and effectiveness. Therefore, they should be taken separately from other medications to prevent any interactions. Additionally, colestipol should ideally be administered with meals to improve tolerability and adherence, although this was not one of the options given in the question.