The physician reviewing a patient’s medical record states, “This patient’s behavior leads me to wonder if a limbic system problem might be involved.” If this is true, the nurse would be most likely to observe the patient having difficulty:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions, memory, and arousal. Dysfunction in the limbic system can impact coordination of stress-related responses and complex movements. This can manifest as difficulty in responding effectively to stressors or in performing coordinated movements. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A: Regulating emotional behavior is more associated with the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. B: Abstract reasoning and higher-order thinking are primarily controlled by the prefrontal cortex. C: Critical decision making, weighing alternatives, and planning involve the prefrontal cortex and other areas of the brain, not specifically the limbic system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough as an adverse effect due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that causes coughing. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Beta blockers are not known to cause persistent dry cough. C: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are less likely to cause cough compared to ACE inhibitors. D: Calcium channel blockers are not associated with causing a dry cough.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct antidote for heparin overdose is protamine sulfate. Protamine sulfate acts by binding to heparin to form a stable salt complex, neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Vitamin E (Choice A) and vitamin K (Choice B) are not antidotes for heparin overdose. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting but is not used as an antidote for heparin. Potassium chloride (Choice D) is used to treat hypokalemia, not heparin overdose. Therefore, the correct choice is protamine sulfate as it directly counteracts the effects of heparin overdose.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: phenytoin (Dilantin) has a significant drug interaction with isoniazid. Phenytoin is a substrate of the enzyme CYP2C9, which is inhibited by isoniazid, leading to increased phenytoin levels and potential toxicity. Pyridoxine (A) is often given with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy. Penicillins (B) do not have significant interactions with isoniazid. Benzodiazepines (D) are not metabolized through CYP2C9 and therefore do not interact significantly with isoniazid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B (FALSE) Rationale: 1. Metabolic transformation and conjugation often lead to the inactivation or reduction of a substance's biological activity. 2. Conjugation typically involves adding a polar group to increase the substance's water solubility for excretion. 3. Metabolic transformations can lead to the formation of less active or inactive metabolites. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is FALSE as these processes usually decrease the biological activity of a substance. Summary: - Choice A (TRUE) is incorrect as metabolic transformation and conjugation generally decrease, not increase, a substance's biological activity. - Choice C (All) and Choice D (None) are also incorrect as the correct answer is specifically B, indicating a decrease in biological activity.