ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The physician orders 10 gr of aspirin for a patient. The equivalent dose in milligrams is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (600 mg) because 1 grain (gr) is equivalent to approximately 64.8 milligrams (mg). For practical clinical purposes, this is often rounded to 60 mg per grain for ease of calculation. Multiplying 10 gr by 60 mg/gr yields 600 mg. This conversion is standard in pharmacology, ensuring accurate dosing for medications like aspirin, where precision is critical. Choice A (0.6 mg) is incorrect because it represents a drastic underdose, likely resulting from a miscalculation where 10 gr was divided by 60 mg/gr instead of multiplied. This would be a 1000-fold error, rendering the dose therapeutically ineffective. Choice B (10 mg) is incorrect because it assumes a 1:1 conversion between grains and milligrams, which is not accurate. Grains are a much larger unit than milligrams, and this answer would also lead to a severe underdose, failing to achieve the intended therapeutic effect. Choice C (60 mg) is incorrect because it represents the conversion for 1 grain, not 10 grains. This error occurs if the physician's order is misinterpreted as a per-grain dose rather than the total required dose. While 60 mg might be a standard dose for certain aspirin formulations, it does not meet the 10 gr requirement specified in the question. Understanding unit conversions between grains and milligrams is crucial in medical practice to avoid dosing errors. Grains are an older unit still used in some prescriptions, whereas milligrams are the modern standard. Proper conversion ensures patient safety and therapeutic efficacy, particularly with medications like aspirin, where incorrect dosing can lead to treatment failure or toxicity. Always verify calculations and reference conversion tables when in doubt.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of a hemolytic reaction to a blood transfusion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemoglobinuria is a characteristic sign of a hemolytic reaction to a blood transfusion. Hemolytic reactions can lead to the destruction of red blood cells, causing the release of hemoglobin into the urine, which presents as hemoglobinuria. Chest pain, urticaria, and distended neck veins are not specific signs of a hemolytic reaction and may be associated with other conditions or reactions.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following conditions may necessitate fluid restriction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renal failure often necessitates fluid restriction to prevent fluid overload. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter and excrete excess fluids, leading to fluid accumulation in the body. Restricting fluid intake helps manage this condition by preventing further fluid buildup and complications such as edema and electrolyte imbalances.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse observes that Mr. Adams begins to have increased difficulty breathing. She elevates the head of the bed to the high Fowler position, which decreases his respiratory distress. The nurse documents this breathing as:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orthopnea is a condition where a person experiences difficulty breathing when lying flat but finds relief when sitting up or standing. Elevating the head of the bed to the high Fowler position helps alleviate this symptom. Tachypnea refers to rapid breathing, eupnea is normal breathing, and hyperventilation is breathing excessively fast or deep.
Question 5 of 5
The physician orders a platelet count to be performed on Mrs. Smith after breakfast. The nurse is responsible for:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse's responsibility in this scenario is to instruct the patient about the diagnostic test ordered by the physician. This includes explaining the purpose of the test, any necessary preparations, and what to expect. The nurse is not responsible for writing the order, as this is the physician's role. Additionally, providing breakfast is not directly related to the platelet count test. Therefore, the correct answer is A, which aligns with the nurse's role in educating and supporting the patient regarding the test.